Editing Ardashir I (section)

==Legacy==
Among the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] [[shah]]s, two, Ardashir I and [[Khosrow I]], are attributed preaches and scholarly words more than other shahs and these works are quoted of them in most of [[Arabic]] literature and history books and by them in [[Persian language|Persian]] ethics and history books. One of the most important works attributed to Ardashir is his "testament".<ref name=":04">{{Cite book|title=Persian Literature History Before Islam|last=Tafazzoli}}</ref>

=== Ardashir's Testament ===
''Ardashir's Testament'' is a book including Ardashir's political advice to the Iranian [[shah]]s who rose after him and he had mentioned lectures in it that he believed were necessary to be applied in running the kingdom.<ref name=":04" />

[[Ibn al-Nadim]] once mentioned a book called ''Ardashir's Testament'' that [[Al-Baladhuri]] (died 279 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]]), one of [[Middle Persian|Persian (Middle)]] translators, had turned into an [[Arabic]] poem. Once again in the chapter about the books of the [[Persian people|Persians]], [[Roman Empire|Romans]], [[Indian people|Indians]] and [[Arabs]] in the preaches and ethics and doctrines, he mentioned a book called ''Ardashir I's Testament to His Son [[Shapur I|Shapur]]'' and it seems that he meant another book.<ref name=":04" />

The original Middle Persian text of ''Ardashir's Testament'' is lost; but some versions of its Arabic translations are available:
# The text that is written in the book ''Al-Ghorreh'' that was probably written in the second half of the fourth century and its author is not known. That version was rewritten in 584 Hijri.
# The text that is written in [[Miskawayh]]'s ''Tajarob-ol Omam''.
# The text that is written in a series belonging to the Kuperolo Library (No. 1608) and was probably rewritten from a sixth-century version in the early eleventh century.
# The text written by Abi.<ref name=":04" />
In addition to the complete text, there is an abridged version of it titled ''Montakhab men Ahd-e Ardashir bin Babak'' available.<ref name=":04" />

In the [[Islam]]ic era, ''Ardashir's Testament'' is mentioned in many history and literature books. [[Al-Masudi]] has remarked it and has quoted a phrase of its about the last millennium. It is also named in ''[[Mojmal al-tawarikh]]'' and ''Farsnameh'' and in the latter it is mentioned about [[Khosrow I]] that "he suggested the testaments of Ardashir, son of [[Papak]], and applied his preaches that were in that testament." The same matter is mentioned by [[Al-Tabari]] and [[Al-Tha'alibi]]. [[Al-Jahiz]] has mentioned ''Ardashir's Testament'' along with ''[[Bozorgmehr]]'s Quotes'' and mentions that the writers (Kottab) used it. [[Al-Mubarrad]] (died 286 Hijri) writes that [[Al-Ma'mun]] had ordered his son's mentor to teach him ''Al-Watheg bellah'' the book of God and read him ''Ardashir's Testament'' and force him to memorize ''Kelileh va Demneh''.<ref name=":04" />

=== Ardashir's Testament to His Son Shapur ===
[[Ibn al-Nadim]] names a book titled ''Ardashir I's Testament to His Son [[Shapur I|Shapur]]'' among the books of preaches and ethics and doctrines. That is probably the same short text that is written with the version title ''Ardashir's Testament to His Son Shapur'' in the book ''Nahayat-ol Aarab'' attributed to [[Al-Asma'i]]. Apparently, [[Ibn al-Muqaffa']] or more probably the author of the ''Seir-ol Moluk'' that was the reference of ''Nahayat-ol Aarab'' chose the text from the [[Arabic]] translation of ''Ardashir's Testament'' and added some matters from other places to it. [[Ibn Qutaybah]] has written a matter from Ardashir intended to his son quoted from ''One of the Ajam Books'' that can be found in this testament.<ref name=":04" />

=== Ardashir's Book on Government Principles ===
A book attributed to Ardashir about the bases of government is written in an [[Arabic]] translation in the book ''Nahayat-ol Aarab'' and the warriors (Asawereh), writers (Kottab), Judges (Gozat), invasion (Bo'uth va Thoghur), accepting ambassadors ({{transliteration|ar|italic=no|Fi Godum-el Vofud alayhe men gabl-e Moluk}}) constructing cities (Bana-ol Modon), his strategy for noble houses (Tadbirohu fi Ahl-e Boyutat-el Sharaf), complaint (Mazalem) and development of lands (Tadbirohu Emarat-al Arzain) are discussed in it. The [[Persian language|Persian]] translation of that book is written in the translation of ''Nahayat-ol Aarab'' called ''Tajarob-ol Omam'' and also in [[Ferdowsi]]'s ''[[Shahnameh]]''. It is not known whether the book is translated directly from [[Middle Persian]] or not. Grinaski believes that an Arabic-writing author had assembled it from different places. In order to prove his opinion, he mentions evidence that shows the influence of [[Islam]]ic principles in it, for instance the writing in the book that one fifth of the [[Looting|war plunder]] is for the [[shah]]. However, since the text is written in ''Shahnameh'', it probably existed in ''[[Khwaday-Namag]]'' too and some matters aligning with Islamic principles were added to it in the translation.<ref name=":04" />

=== Ardashir-Khwarrah ===
[[File:Ardashir_Babakan's_Palace_in_FiruzAbad.JPG|thumb|A view of the [[Palace of Ardashir]], the city of Gur (current [[Firuzabad County|Firuzabad]]), the entrance hall and supporting halls of the palace were covered with wheel domes. The outside walls did not have windows, but did contain prominent and dome-like columns.<ref name=":32"/>]]
Ardashir-Khwarrah is one of the five Iranian villages in the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] era until the first [[Islam]]ic centuries centered by the city of Gur ([[Arabic]]: Jur) that were constructed by Ardashir. The name means "Ardashir's magnificence". The town was probably constructed after Ardashir's victory over [[Artabanus IV of Parthia|Artabanus]] in 224. The town was constructed beside Ardashir's palace (where he lived before the rebellion) and it is said that the emperor built five [[fire temple]]s beside the town that the historian, [[Al-Masudi]] had seen.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|title="Ardašīr-Ḵorra". In Encyclopædia Iranica.|last=Bosworth, C. E.}}</ref> The city of Gur was run by a representative from the [[shah]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite book|title=Ardashirkhureh|last=Ardajini}}</ref> Gur was later renamed [[Firuzabad County|Firuzabad]] by the 10th-century [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid]] king [['Adud al-Dawla]].<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":23" /> Ardashir-Khwarrah can be mentioned as a military base and one of the active [[Mint (facility)|mints]] of the Sasanian era. Of the works of Ardashir-Khwarrah, the building of Tarbal (Menar) Kiakhoreh beside the building of Chaharotag (The Gur fire temple), Ardashir's palace, the [[Epigraphy|inscription]] of [[Mihr Narseh]] (the [[vizier]] of three Sasanian kings; [[Yazdegerd I]], [[Bahram V]] and [[Yazdegerd II]]) and his four fire temples can be mentioned.<ref name=":23" />

The structure of the town is inspired by the architectural method of Darabgard and contains circular walls that surround an area with a diameter of about two kilometers and a double muddy wall and a trench with a [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] style and two axes divide the perpendicular intersection of the city to four sectors with four main gates of Mehr, Bahram, Hormoz and Ardashir that each is divided to five smaller sections that are connected to each other by ring-like streets.<ref name=":23" />