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History of computing hardware
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==Epilogue== An indication of the rapidity of development of this field can be inferred from the history of the seminal 1947 article by Burks, Goldstine and von Neumann.<ref>{{harvnb|Burks|Goldstine|von Neumann|1947|pp=1–464}} reprinted in ''[[Datamation]]'', September–October 1962. Note that ''preliminary discussion/design'' was the term later called ''system analysis/design'', and even later, called ''system architecture.''</ref> By the time that anyone had time to write anything down, it was obsolete. After 1945, others read John von Neumann's ''First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC'', and immediately started implementing their own systems. To this day, the rapid pace of development has continued, worldwide.{{efn|''[[DBLP]]'' summarizes the ''[[Annals of the History of Computing]]'', year by year, back to 1979.<ref>{{cite web |title=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |publisher=[[Dagstuhl|Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik]] |url=https://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/annals/ |access-date=2023-08-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320212935/http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/annals/ |archive-date=2011-03-20}}</ref>}}{{efn|The fastest [[supercomputer]] of the [[top 500]] is now Frontier (of Oak Ridge National Laboratory) at 1.102 ExaFlops,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-30 |title=ORNL's Frontier First to Break the Exaflop Ceiling |website=top500.org |url=https://www.top500.org/news/ornls-frontier-first-to-break-the-exaflop-ceiling/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602004225/https://www.top500.org/news/ornls-frontier-first-to-break-the-exaflop-ceiling/ |archive-date=2022-06-02 |access-date=2023-08-26}}</ref> which is 2.66 times faster than Fugaku, now number two of the top 500.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gizmodo.com/japans-new-fugaku-supercomputer-is-number-one-ranking-1844126655 |first=Tom |last=McKay |date=22 June 2020 |title=Japan's New Fugaku Supercomputer Is Number One, Ranking in at 415 Petaflops |website=Gizmodo |access-date=2020-06-23 |archive-date=2020-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623174019/https://gizmodo.com/japans-new-fugaku-supercomputer-is-number-one-ranking-1844126655 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
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