Editing Human (section)

=== Ethnicity ===
{{Main|Ethnic group}}
Human ethnic groups are a social category that [[Identity (social science)|identifies]] together as a group based on shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. These can be a common set of traditions, [[ancestry]], [[language]], [[history]], [[society]], [[culture]], [[nation]], [[religion]], or social treatment within their residing area.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kanchan |last=Chandra |author-link=Kanchan Chandra|url=https://worldcat.org/oclc/829678440|title=Constructivist theories of ethnic politics|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-989315-7|pages=69–70|oclc=829678440|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730033538/https://www.worldcat.org/title/constructivist-theories-of-ethnic-politics/oclc/829678440|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = People J, Bailey G |title=Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology|publisher=Wadsworth Cengage learning|year=2010|edition=9th|page=389|quote=In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of 'us' and 'them.' In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population.}}</ref> Ethnicity is separate from the concept of [[Race (human categorization)|race]], which is based on physical characteristics, although both are [[Social constructionism|socially constructed]].<ref>{{cite web|vauthors=Blackmore E|date=22 February 2019|title=Race and ethnicity: How are they different?|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/race-ethnicity/|access-date=24 October 2020|website=Culture|language=en|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022013516/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/race-ethnicity/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Assigning ethnicity to a certain population is complicated, as even within common ethnic designations there can be a diverse range of subgroups, and the makeup of these ethnic groups can change over time at both the collective and individual level.<ref name="REGWG2005" /> Also, there is no generally accepted definition of what constitutes an ethnic group.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Chandra K|title=What is Ethnic Identity and Does It Matter?|date=2006|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=397–424|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.062404.170715|issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ethnic groupings can play a powerful role in the [[social identity]] and solidarity of ethnopolitical units. This has been closely tied to the rise of the [[nation state]] as the predominant form of political organization in the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Smith AD | date = 1999 | title = Myths and Memories of the Nation. | publisher = Oxford University Press | pages = 4–7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Banton M |year=2007|title=Max Weber on 'ethnic communities': a critique|journal=Nations and Nationalism|volume=13|issue=1|pages=19–35|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8129.2007.00271.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Delanty G, Kumar K |title=The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism |date=2006 |publisher=Sage |location=London |isbn=978-1-4129-0101-7 | page = 171 }}</ref>