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=== Product life-cycle theory === {{Main|Product life-cycle theory}} As first articulated by [[Raymond Vernon]] in 1966, a product goes through a [[product life cycle|life cycle]] consisting of four stages: "new product", "growth product", "maturity product" and "obsolescence product". The conditions in which a product is sold change over time and must be managed as it moves through this succession of stages. This is called [[product life cycle management]]. <ref name="vernon">{{cite journal |title= International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle. in: Quarterly Journal of Economics. |last= Vernon |first= Raymond |journal= Quarterly Journal of Economics |year= 1966 |publisher= Cambridge |issn= 0033-5533 |page= 191 |url= http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=1.1/CMD?ACT=SRCHA&IKT=8&TRM=0033-5533 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
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