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Ion source
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====Smalley source==== A laser vaporization cluster source produces ions using a combination of laser desorption ionization and supersonic expansion.<ref name="Duncan2012">{{cite journal|last1=Duncan|first1=Michael A.|title=Invited Review Article: Laser vaporization cluster sources|journal=Review of Scientific Instruments|volume=83|issue=4|pages=041101β041101β19|date=2012|issn=0034-6748|doi=10.1063/1.3697599|pmid=22559508|bibcode=2012RScI...83d1101D}}</ref> The '''Smalley source''' (or '''Smalley cluster source''')<ref>{{cite book|title=Laser Ablation and Desorption|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWfddcv0quwC&pg=PA628|date=10 December 1997|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-086020-6|pages=628β}}</ref> was developed by [[Richard Smalley]] at [[Rice University]] in the 1980s and was central to the discovery of [[fullerene]]s in 1985.<ref name="Smalley1997">{{cite journal|last1=Smalley|first1=Richard|title=Discovering the fullerenes|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=69|issue=3|date=1997|pages=723β730|issn=0034-6861|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.69.723|bibcode=1997RvMP...69..723S}}</ref><ref name="Johnston2002">{{cite book|author=Roy L. Johnston|title=Atomic and Molecular Clusters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxztbPhmBeIC&pg=PA150|date=25 April 2002|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4200-5577-1|pages=150β}}</ref>
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