Editing Pacemaker (section)

=== Intra-cardial ===
In 2013, several firms announced devices that could be inserted via a leg catheter rather than invasive surgery. The devices are roughly the size and shape of a pill, much smaller than the size of a traditional pacemaker. Once implanted, the device's prongs contact the muscle and stabilize heartbeats. Development of this type of device was continuing.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://singularityhub.com/2013/12/27/medtronics-minimally-invasive-pacemaker-the-size-of-a-multivitamin/ |title=Medtronic's Minimally Invasive Pacemaker the Size of a Multivitamin |publisher=Singularity Hub |access-date=2013-12-29|date=2013-12-27 }}</ref> In November 2014, Bill Pike of [[Fairbanks, Alaska]], received a [[Medtronic]] Micra pacemaker in Providence St Vincent Hospital in [[Portland, Oregon]]. D. Randolph Jones was the EP doctor. Also in 2014, [[St. Jude Medical Inc.]] announced the first enrollments in the company's leadless Pacemaker Observational Study evaluating the Nanostim leadless pacing technology. The Nanostim pacemaker received European [[CE marking]] in 2013. Post-approval implant trials were carried out in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dicardiology.com/article/european-post-approval-trial-nanostim-leadless-pacemaker-begins/ |title=European Post-Approval Trial for Nanostim |publisher=DAIC |date=2014-03-18 |access-date=2015-05-04}}</ref> The European study was stopped after reports of six perforations that led to two patient deaths. After investigations, St Jude Medical restarted the study.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/827034|publisher=Medscape|title=First-in-Human Data|access-date=2014-06-19}}</ref> In the United States, this therapy had not been approved by the FDA {{As of|2014|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leadless Pacing from St. Jude Medical |url=http://www.sjm.com/leadlesspacing/intl/options/leadless-pacing |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029105333/http://www.sjm.com/leadlesspacing/intl/options/leadless-pacing |archive-date=2014-10-29 }}</ref> While the St Jude Nanostim and the Medtronic Micra are single-chamber pacemakers, it was anticipated that leadless dual-chamber pacing for patients with atrioventricular block would become possible with further development.<ref>{{cite web | last=Stiles | first=Steve | title=New Data on Leadless Pacemaker Supports Efficacy, Safety | website=Medscape | date=24 March 2014 | url=https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/822457}}</ref>