Editing Performance art (section)

=== Feminist performance art ===
{{Main|Feminist Performance Art}}
[[File:Benglis from Arti.jpg|left|thumb|Portrait of [[Lynda Benglis]], 1974]]
[[File:Andres+Pina+Matthias wiki.jpg|thumb|Portrait of [[Pina Bausch]], 1985]]

Since 1973 the Feminist Studio Workshop in the Woman's Building of Los Ángeles had an impact in the wave of feminist acts, but until 1980 they did not completely fuse. The conjunction between feminism and performance art progressed through the last decade. In the first two decades of performance art development, works that had not been conceived as feminist are seen as such now.{{clarify|date=October 2020}}

Still, not until 1980 did artists self-define themselves as feminists. Artist groups in which women influenced by the 1968 student movement as well as the feminist movement stood out.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/Lasa2001/AlcazarJosefina.pdf|title=Mujeres y performance. El cuerpo como soporte|last=Alcázar|first=Josefina|date=2001|publisher=Centro de Investigación Teatral Rodolfo Usigli|access-date=June 10, 2020}}</ref> This connection has been treated in contemporary art history research. Some of the women whose innovative input in representations and shows was the most relevant were [[Pina Bausch]] and the [[Guerrilla Girls]] who emerged in 1985 in New York City,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guerrillagirls.com/our-story/|title=Our Story|access-date=September 21, 2016|author=Guerrilla Girls}}</ref> anonymous feminist and anti-racist art collective.<ref name=":657890" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mujeresenred.net/spip.php?article1566|title=GUERRILLA GIRLS. La conciencia del mundo del arte|access-date=May 24, 2019|website=www.mujeresenred.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/cultura/guerrilla-girls-traen-buenos-aires-30-anos-protestas_0_XQ75Uh2dL.html|title=Guerrilla Girls, la potencia del arte feminista llega a Buenos Aires|access-date=May 24, 2019|website=www.clarin.com|date=November 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revistacactus.com/la-guerra-de-guerrilla-girls/|title=La guerra de Guerrilla Girls|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=December 25, 2013|website=Cactus}}</ref> They chose that name because they used guerrilla tactics in their activism <ref name=":657890">{{Cite book|url=https://repositorio.uesiglo21.edu.ar/handle/ues21/13800|title=Guerrilla Girls|last=Josefina|first=Pierucci|date=2017|pages=1, 5|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref> to denounce discrimination against women in art through political and performance art.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/INFE/article/view/41877|title=El desafío de las artistas contemporáneas. Una aproximación a la presencia de las creadoras en las ferias de arte contemporáneo. El caso de ARCO.|last=Martín|first=Yolanda Beteta|date=April 23, 2013|journal=Investigaciones Feministas|volume=4|pages=49–65|access-date=March 23, 2018|issn=2171-6080|doi=10.5209/rev_INFE.2013.v4.41877|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publico.es/culturas/guerrilla-girls-guerrilla-girls-revolucion-mujeres-artistas.html|title=Las Guerrilla Girls, la revolución de las mujeres artistas|access-date=May 24, 2019|website=www.publico.es|date=February 2, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.distritoarte.com/guerrilla-girls-arte-feminista/|title=Guerrilla Girls: arte feminista|access-date=May 24, 2019|date=June 9, 2016|website=Distrito Arte|archive-date=May 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524183031/http://www.distritoarte.com/guerrilla-girls-arte-feminista/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiehoy.com/especiales/galeria/guerrilla-girls-la-muestra-del-iconico-colectivo-feminista-llega-buenos-aires/|title=Guerrilla Girls: La muestra del icónico colectivo feminista que llega a Buenos Aires|access-date=May 24, 2019|last=Aiello|first=Julieta|date=November 15, 2018|website=[[Indie Hoy]]}}</ref> Their first performance was placing posters and making public appearances in museums and galleries in New York, to critique the fact that some groups of people were discriminated against for their gender or race.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historia-arte.com/artistas/guerrilla-girls|title=Guerrilla Girls|access-date=May 24, 2019|website=HA!}}</ref> All of this was done anonymously; in all of these appearances they covered their faces with gorilla masks (this was due to the similar pronunciation of the words "gorilla" and "guerrilla"). They used as nicknames the names of female artists who had died.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tate|title='Do Women Have To Be Naked To Get Into the Met. Museum?', Guerrilla Girls, 1989 {{!}} Tate|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/guerrilla-girls-do-women-have-to-be-naked-to-get-into-the-met-museum-p78793|access-date=June 30, 2020|work=Tate}}</ref> From the 1970s until the 1980s, amongst the works that challenged the system and their usual strategies of representation, the main ones feature women's bodies, such as [[Ana Mendieta]]'s works in New York City where her body is outraged and abused, or the artistic representations by [[Louise Bourgeois]] with a rather minimalist discourse that emerge in the late seventies and eighties. Special mention to the works created with feminine and feminist corporeity{{clarify|date=October 2020}} such as [[Lynda Benglis]] and her phallic performative actions, who reconstructed the feminine image to turn it into more than a fetish. Through feminist performance art the body becomes a space for developing these new discourses and meanings. Artist [[Eleanor Antin]], creator in the 1970s and 1980s, worked on the topics of gender, race and class. [[Cindy Sherman]], in her first works in the seventies and already in her artistic maturity in the eighties, continues her critical line of overturning the imposed self, through her use of the body as an object of privilege.

[[File:Hallway in the Wexner Center for the Arts.jpg|thumb|Exhibition by [[Cindy Sherman]] in the United States]]

[[Cindy Sherman]] is an American photographer and artist. She is one of the most representative post-war artists and exhibited more than the work of three decades of her work in the [[MoMA]]. Even though she appears in most of her performative photographies, she does not consider them self-portraits. Sherman uses herself as a vehicle to represent a great array of topics of the contemporary world, such as the part women play in our society and the way they are represented in the media as well as the nature of art creation. In 2020 she was awarded with the ''Wolf prize in arts''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://wolffund.org.il/2020/01/13/cindy-sherman/|title=Cindy Sherman|access-date=January 20, 2020|date=January 13, 2020|website=Wolf Foundation}}</ref>

[[Judy Chicago]] is an artist and pioneer of feminist art and performance art in the United States. Chicago is known for her big collaborative art installation pieces on images of birth and creation, that examine women's part in history and culture. In the 1970s, Chicago has founded the first feminist art programme in the United States. Chicago's work incorporates a variety of artistic skills such as sewing, in contrast with skills that required a lot of workforce, like welding and pyrotechnics. Chicago's best known work is ''[[The Dinner Party]]'', that was permanently installed in the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art in the [[Brooklyn Museum]]. ''The Dinner Party'' celebrated the achievements of women throughout history and is widely considered as the first epic feminist artwork. Other remarkable projects include ''International Honor Quilt'', ''The Birth Project,''<ref>{{Cite book|edition= 1st|title=The birth project|publisher=Doubleday|date=1985|isbn=0385187106|oclc=11159627|last=Chicago|first=Judy}}</ref> ''Powerplay,''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Judy Chicago : reviewing powerplay|publisher=David Richard Gallery|date=2012|isbn=9780983931232|oclc=841601939|last1=Chicago|first1=Judy|first2=David |last2=Richard}}</ref> and ''The Holocaust Project.''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Holocaust project: from darkness into light|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27145289|publisher=Penguin Books|date=1993|access-date=June 8, 2020|isbn=0140159916|oclc=27145289|last=Chicago|first=Judy}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Students visiting Martha Rosler's show with Gregory Sholette.jpg|Students in a [[Martha Rosler]] exhibition
File:Guerrilla Girls - V&A Museum, London.jpg|The [[Guerrilla Girls]] in an opening in London
File:Guerrilla girls MOMA.jpg|Works of the 'Guerrilla Girls' in an exhibition in the [[Museum of Modern Art]], [[Manhattan]], New York
File:Mjellby konstmuseum interiör 2019 guerrilla girls.jpg|[[Guerrilla Girls]] exhibition
File:Aranha, Louise Joséphine Bourgeois (5878031270).jpg|Installation by [[Louise Bourgeois]] in a Brazilian museum
File:Judy Chicago with flight hood.jpg|Portrait of [[Judy Chicago]]
</gallery>