Editing Reinforcement (section)

===Traumatic bonding===

{{Main|Traumatic bonding}}
Traumatic bonding occurs as the result of ongoing [[cycle of abuse|cycles of abuse]] in which the intermittent reinforcement of reward and [[Punishment (psychology)|punishment]] creates powerful emotional bonds that are resistant to change.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Traumatic Bonding: The development of emotional attachments in battered women and other relationships of intermittent abuse|last1 = Dutton|date = 1981|journal = Victimology |last2 = Painter|issue = 7}}</ref><ref name="Sanderson2008">Chrissie Sanderson. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5vA42Opyx9cC&pg=PA84 Counselling Survivors of Domestic Abuse]''. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 15 June 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-84642-811-1}}. p. 84.</ref>

The other source indicated that 
<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/traumatic-bonding| title = Traumatic Bonding {{!}} Encyclopedia.com}}</ref>
'The necessary conditions for traumatic bonding are that one person must dominate the other and that the level of abuse chronically spikes and then subsides. The relationship is characterized by periods of permissive, compassionate, and even affectionate behavior from the dominant person, punctuated by intermittent episodes of intense abuse. To maintain the upper hand, the victimizer manipulates the behavior of the victim and limits the victim's options so as to perpetuate the power imbalance. Any threat to the balance of dominance and submission may be met with an escalating cycle of punishment ranging from seething intimidation to intensely violent outbursts. The victimizer also isolates the victim from other sources of support, which reduces the likelihood of detection and intervention, impairs the victim's ability to receive countervailing self-referent feedback, and strengthens the sense of unilateral dependency&nbsp;... The traumatic effects of these abusive relationships may include the impairment of the victim's capacity for accurate self-appraisal, leading to a sense of personal inadequacy and a subordinate sense of dependence upon the dominating person. Victims also may encounter a variety of unpleasant social and legal consequences of their emotional and behavioral affiliation with someone who perpetrated aggressive acts, even if they themselves were the recipients of the aggression.