Editing Tobacco (section)

==Consumption==
{{Further|Tobacco products}}
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2021}}
Tobacco is consumed in many forms and through a number of different methods. Some examples are:

===Enema===
* '''[[Tobacco smoke enema]]s''' were employed by the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas#North America|indigenous peoples of North America]] to stimulate respiration, injecting the smoke with a rectal tube.<ref>{{Citation |last1 = Hurt |first1 = Raymond |last2 = Barry |first2 = J. E. |last3 = Adams |first3 = A. P. |last4 = Fleming |first4 = P. R. |title = The History of Cardiothoracic Surgery from Early Times |publisher = Informa Health Care |page=120 |year = 1996 |isbn = 978-1-85070-681-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShLvi_kRQtQC}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |doi = 10.2307/2843888 |last = Nordenskiold |first = Erland |title = The American Indian as an Inventor |jstor = 2843888 |journal = Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute |volume = 59 |page=277 |year = 1929}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Hurt|Barry|Adams|Fleming|1996|p=120}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Nordenskiold|1929|p=277}}</ref> Later, in the 18th century, Europeans emulated the Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcmj.org/special-feature/special-feature-tobacco-smoke-enemas |title=Special feature: Tobacco smoke enemas |author=Sterling Haynes, MD |date=December 2012 |work=British Columbia Medical Journal |publisher=Doctors of BC |access-date=March 29, 2019 }}</ref> Tobacco resuscitation kits consisting of a pair of bellows and a tube were provided by the Royal Humane Society of London and placed at various points along the Thames.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.rpharms.com/museum-pdfs/21-enemas.pdf |title = Information Sheet:21 Enemas |website = Information Sheets |publisher = Museum of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London |access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref>

===Nasal administration===
* '''[[Snuff (tobacco)|Snuff]]''' is a ground smokeless tobacco product, inhaled or ‘snuffed’ through the nose. If referring specifically to the orally consumed moist snuff, see [[dipping tobacco]].

===Smoked===
* '''[[Beedi]]''' (also known as bidis or biris) are thin, often flavoured cigarettes from India made of tobacco wrapped in a [[Diospyros melanoxylon|tendu]] leaf, and secured with coloured thread at one end.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tobacco Free Kids|date=2008|title=Bidis: An Overview|url=https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/global/pdfs/en/IW_facts_products_bidis_overview.pdf|access-date=October 27, 2021|website=Tobacco Free Kids}}</ref>
* '''[[Cigarette]]s''' are a product consumed through inhalation of smoke and manufactured from cured and finely cut tobacco leaves and reconstituted tobacco, often combined with other additives, then rolled into a paper cylinder.
* '''[[Cigar]]s''' are tightly rolled bundles of dried and fermented tobacco, which are ignited so their smoke may be drawn into the smokers' mouths.
* '''[[Dokha]]''' is a middle eastern tobacco with high nicotine levels grown in parts of Oman and Hatta, which is smoked through a thin pipe called a medwakh. It is a form of tobacco which is dried up and ground and contains little to no additives excluding spices, fruits, or flowers to enhance smell and flavor.
* '''[[Heat-not-burn product]]s''' heat rather than burn tobacco to generate an aerosol that contains nicotine.
* '''[[Hookah]]''' is a single- or multistemmed (often glass-based) water pipe for smoking. Hookahs were first used in India and Persia;<ref>American Lung Association. February 2007 [http://www.lungusa2.org/embargo/slati/Trendalert_Waterpipes.pdf An Emerging Deadly Trend: Waterpipe Tobacco Use] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102171735/http://www.lungusa2.org/embargo/slati/Trendalert_Waterpipes.pdf |date=January 2, 2014 }}</ref> the hookah has gained immense popularity, especially in the Middle East. A hookah operates by water filtration and indirect heat. It can be used for smoking herbal fruits or [[moassel]], a mixture of tobacco, flavouring, and [[honey]] or [[glycerin]].
* '''[[Roll-your-own]]''', often called 'rollies' or 'roll-ups', are relatively popular in some European countries. These are prepared from loose tobacco, cigarette papers, and filters all bought separately. They are usually cheaper to make.
* '''[[Tobacco pipe]]s''' typically consist of a small chamber (the bowl) for the combustion of the tobacco to be smoked and a thin stem (shank) that ends in a mouthpiece (the bit). Shredded pieces of tobacco are placed in the chamber and ignited.

===In the mouth===

Tobacco used in the mouth (buccal ([[Sublabial administration|sublabial]]), [[Sublingual administration|sublingual]]):
* '''[[Chewing tobacco]]''' is the oldest way of consuming tobacco leaves. It is consumed orally, in two forms: through sweetened strands ("chew" or "chaw"), or in a shredded form ("dip"). When consuming the long, sweetened strands, the tobacco is lightly chewed and compacted into a ball. When consuming the shredded tobacco, small amounts are placed inside the bottom lip, between the gum and the teeth, where it is gently compacted, thus it is often called dipping tobacco. Both methods stimulate the salivary glands, which led to the development of the [[spittoon]].
* '''[[Creamy snuff]]''' is tobacco paste, consisting of tobacco, clove oil, glycerin, spearmint, menthol, and camphor, and sold in a toothpaste tube. It is marketed mainly to women in India and is known by the brand names Ipco (made by Asha Industries), Denobac, Tona, and Ganesh. It is locally known as ''mishri'' in some parts of Maharashtra.
* '''[[Dipping tobacco]]s''' are a form of [[smokeless tobacco]]. Dip is occasionally referred to as "chew", and because of this it is commonly confused with [[chewing tobacco]], which encompasses a wider range of products. A small clump of dip is 'pinched' out of the tin and placed between the lower or upper lip and gums. Some brands, as with snus, are portioned in small, porous pouches for less mess.
* '''[[Gutka]]''' is a preparation of crushed betel nut, tobacco, and sweet or savory flavorings. It is manufactured in India and exported to a few other countries. A mild stimulant, it is sold across India in small, individual-sized packets.
* '''[[Kreteks]]''' are cigarettes made with a complex blend of tobacco, cloves, and a flavoring "sauce". They were first introduced in the 1880s in Kudus, Java, to deliver the medicinal [[eugenol]] of cloves to the lungs.
* '''[[Pituri]]''', a nicotine-containing substance traditionally made from Australian tobacco plants, used by Indigenous Australians for chewing and placed between the lower or upper lip and gums.
* '''[[Snus]]''' is a steam-pasteurized moist powdered tobacco product that is not fermented and induces minimal salivation. It is consumed by placing it (loose or in little pouches) against the upper gums for an extended period of time. It is somewhat similar to dipping tobacco but does not require spitting and is significantly lower in [[Tobacco-specific nitrosamines|TSNA]]s.
* '''Tobacco chewing gum''' A gum containing nicotine or tobacco designed to be chewed.
* '''Tobacco edibles''', often in the form of an infusion or a spice, have gained popularity in recent years.
* '''[[Tobacco water]]''' is a traditional [[organic farming|organic]] [[insecticide]] used in domestic [[gardening]]. Tobacco dust can be used similarly. It is produced by boiling strong tobacco in water, or by steeping the tobacco in water for a longer period. When cooled, the mixture can be applied as a spray, or painted onto the leaves of garden plants, where it kills insects. Tobacco is, however, banned from use as a pesticide in certified organic production by the USDA's [[National Organic Program]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.omri.org/simple-gml-search/results?page=18 |title=Generic Materials Search &#124; Organic Materials Review Institute |publisher=Omri.org |access-date=October 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723072126/http://www.omri.org/simple-gml-search/results?page=18 |archive-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref>

===Topical===
* '''[[Topical tobacco paste]]''' is sometimes used as a treatment for [[wasp]], [[hornet]], [[fire ant]], [[scorpion]], and [[bee sting]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/c782-w.html |first=Beverly |last=Sparks |title=Stinging and Biting Pests of People |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214061028/http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/c782-w.html |archive-date=February 14, 2007}} Extension Entomologist of the University of Georgia College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences Cooperative Extension Service.</ref> An amount equivalent to the contents of a cigarette is mashed in a cup with about a half a teaspoon of water to make a paste that is then applied to the affected area.