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==== Byzantine Empire ==== * Spring – [[Siege of Antalya|Siege of Attalia]]: Seljuk forces led by Sultan [[Kaykhusraw I]] besiege the city port of Attalia (modern-day [[Antalya]]) with siege machines. After a siege of more than 2 months, the city is captured, Kaykhusraw allows his forces 3 days of looting and slaughtering. The capture of the port gives the Seljuk Turks a major path into the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]. * [[September 4]] – [[Battle of Messinopolis]]: Latin forces under [[Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat|Boniface of Montferrat]] are ambushed and defeated at [[Mosynopolis|Messinopolis]]. Boniface is killed and his head is sent to [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]], ruler (''[[tsar]]'') of the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]. Seeking to take advantage of the situation, Kaloyan besieges [[Thessalonica]]. In October, he dies under mysterious circumstances.<ref>John V. A. Fine, Jr. (1994). ''The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest'', pp. 87β91. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. {{ISBN|0-472-08260-4}}.</ref>
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