Editing 1303 (section)

===April&ndash;June===
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Battle of Arques (1303)|Battle of Arques]]: Flemish forces (some 10,000 men) led by [[William of Jülich]] ("the Younger") defeats a French army at [[Arques, Pas-de-Calais|Arques]] in [[County of Flanders|Flanders]]. During the battle, the French cavalry (1,600 men) tries to break the Flemish infantry militia formations, but to no avail. Finally, the French withdraw to [[Saint-Omer]], leaving 300 dead behind. Later, William receives a warm reception in [[Bruges]] as a liberator in May.<ref>Verbruggen, J. F. (1997). ''The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages: From the Eighth Century to 1340'', p. 197. Suffolk: Boydell Press. {{ISBN|0-85115-630-4}}.</ref>
* [[April 20]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]] founds the [[Sapienza University of Rome|University of Rome]] with the papal bull ''In Supremae praeminentia Dignitatis'', as a ''Studium'' for ecclesiastical studies under his control, making it the first pontifical university.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303)|Battle of Marj al-Saffar]]: Mamluk forces (some 20,000 men) under Sultan [[Al-Nasir Muhammad]] defeat a Mongol army and their Armenian allies led by [[Qutlugh-Shah]], on the plain of [[Marj al-Saffar]]. After the battle, Al-Nasir enters [[Damascus]] and chases the Mongols as far as [[Al-Qaryatayn]] in [[Syria]]. He returns to [[Cairo]] in triumph through the [[Bab al-Nasr (Cairo)|Bab al-Nasr]] ("Victory Gate") with chained prisoners of war.<ref>Waterson, James (2007). ''The Knights of Islam: The Wars of the Mamluks'', p. 210. Greenhill Books. {{ISBN|978-1-85367-734-2}}.</ref>
* [[May 16]] &ndash; King Edward I of England assembles 7,500 troops at [[Roxburgh]] to prepare for a resumption of his campaign against the [[Kingdom of Scotland]], to begin after concluding peace between England and France.<ref>Jeffrey Hamilton, ''The Plantagenets: History of a Dynasty'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010) p.79</ref> In advance of the invasion, Edward orders that three pre-fabricated pontoon bridges be built and transported, in a fleet of 27 ships. After crossing into Scotland, Edward and his soldiers burns hamlet and towns, granges and granaries. Meanwhile, [[Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster|Richard Óg de Burgh, "the Red Earl"]] with forces from [[Ireland]] capture the castles of [[Rothesay Castle|Rothesay]] and [[Ardgowan Castle|Inverkip]].<ref>Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: ''Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–1298'', pp. 86–87. {{ISBN|1-84176-510-4}}.</ref>
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Paris (1303)|Treaty of Paris]]: King [[Philip IV of France|Philip the Fair]] of [[France]] signs a peace treaty with [[Edward I of England|Edward Longshanks, King of England]]. According to the terms of the treaty, [[Gascony]] is restored to [[Kingdom of England|England]] – as well as the cities of [[Bordeaux]] and [[Bayonne]]. In return, Edward swears allegiance to Philip as his vassal and agrees that Philipp's daughter, [[Isabella of France]], be married to his son [[Edward II of England|Edward of Caernarfon]], until she is old enough.
* [[May 26]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Richeza of Poland|Elizabeth Richeza]], 14-year-old daughter of the late [[Przemysł II|King Przemysl II]] of Poland, marries her father's former rival and the new King of Poland, [[Wenceslaus II of Bohemia|King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia]]. The marriage takes place at the [[Prague Cathedral]] in Bohemia (now in the [[Czech Republic]], and Elizabeth is crowned as Queen Consort of Bohemia.
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Pope Boniface VIII]] orders the nullification of the election of Wenceslaus as King of Hungary, and declares that [[Charles I of Hungary|Károly Róbert]], son of the late Hungarian king [[Charles Martel of Anjou]], is the rightful claimant to the throne. The Pope also threatens Wenceslaus with excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church if Wenceslaus continues to style himself "King of Hungary". The decision causes a breakdown of Hungary between supporters of Wenceslaus and supporters of Károly.
* [[June 18]] &ndash; Scottish nobles [[Edmund Comyn]] and [[Simon Fraser (died 1306)|Simon Fraser]] lead an invasion from [[Dumfriesshire]] in Scotland, crossing the border into England at [[Cumberland]] and laying waste to [[Carlisle]] and its surrounding area.<ref>Fiona Watson, ''Under the Hammer: Edward I and Scotland, 1286-1307'' (Birlinn, 2013) p.176</ref>
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Athanasius I of Constantinople|Athanasius I]] returns to leadership of the Eastern Orthodox church in [[Byzantium]], receiving recognition as the [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople]] almost 10 years of having been driven from that office.<ref name=Nicol/>