Editing 1736 in science (section)

==Mathematics==
* June 8 – [[Leonhard Euler]] writes to [[James Stirling (mathematician)|James Stirling]] describing the [[Euler–Maclaurin formula]], providing a connection between [[integral]]s and [[calculus]].
* [[Leonhard Euler|Euler]] produces the first ''published'' proof of [[Fermat's little theorem|Fermat's "little theorem"]].<ref>''Theorematum Quorundam ad Numeros Primos Spectantium Demonstratio''.</ref>
* Sir [[Isaac Newton]]'s ''[[Method of Fluxions]]'' (1671), describing his method of [[differential calculus]], is first published (posthumously) and [[Thomas Bayes]] publishes a defense of its logical foundations against the criticism of [[George Berkeley]] (anonymously).<ref>''An Introduction to the Doctrine of Fluxions, and a Defence of the Mathematicians Against the Objections of the Author of the Analyst''.</ref>