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=== JanuaryβJune === * January β The [[Habsburg monarchy]] forces the [[Ottoman Empire]] to cede [[Bukovina]] to its rule. * [[January 5]] β [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C. * [[January 14]] β [[Siamese conquest of Lan Na (1774β1775)|Siamese conquest of Chiang Mai]] and the [[Lan Na Kingdom]]. * [[January 17]] β [[Second voyage of James Cook]]: Captain [[James Cook]] takes possession of [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|South Georgia]] for the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]. * [[February 9]] β [[American Revolution]]: The [[Parliament of Great Britain]] declares the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] to be in rebellion. * [[February 15]] β [[Pope Pius VI]] succeeds [[Pope Clement XIV]] as the 250th [[pope]]. * [[February 26]] β The [[British East India Company]] [[Factory (trading post)|factory]] on [[Balambangan Island]] is destroyed by [[Piracy in the Sulu Sea|Moro pirates]].<ref>{{cite book | last =Warren| first =James Francis | title =The Sulu Zone, 1768-1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State| year =1981| publisher =NUS Press| location=Singapore| page=36 }}</ref> * [[March 6]] β [[Raghunathrao]], [[Peshwa]] of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] in India, signs the [[Treaty of Surat]] with the British Governor-General [[Warren Hastings]] in [[Bombay]] ceding the territories of [[Salsette]] and [[Vasai-Virar|Bassein]] to the British [[East India Company]] along with part of the revenues from [[Surat]] and [[Bharuch]] districts in return for military assistance. This leads to the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]] fought between the British and the Marathas, ending with the Treaty of Salbai in [[1782]]. * [[March 17]] β [[Catherine the Great]] of Russia issues a manifesto prohibiting freed serfs from being returned to [[Serfdom in Russia|serfdom]].<ref name=Madriaga>{{cite journal|first=Isabel|last=de Madriaga|title=Catherine II and the Serfs: A Reconsideration of Some Problems|journal=[[The Slavonic and East European Review]]|volume=52|issue=126|date=January 1974|pages=34β62|jstor=4206834}}</ref> * [[March 23]] β American Revolution: [[Patrick Henry]], a delegate to the [[Second Virginia Convention]] after the [[Commonwealth of Virginia|Virginia]] [[House of Burgesses]] was disbanded by the [[Governor of Virginia|Royal Governor]], delivers his "[[Give me Liberty or give me Death!]]" speech at [[St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia)|St. John's Church]] in [[Richmond, Virginia]]. * [[April 18]] β American Revolution: [[Paul Revere]] and [[William Dawes]], instructed by Dr. [[Joseph Warren]], [[Paul Revere's Midnight Ride|ride from Boston to Lexington]] to warn [[John Hancock]] and [[Samuel Adams|Sam Adams]] that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord. * [[April 19]] β [[American Revolution]] β [[Battles of Lexington and Concord]]:<ref>{{citation|title=Battles of Lexington and Concord|encyclopedia=Britannica Student Encyclopedia|year=2006|url=http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9275454|page=454|quote=The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord.}}</ref> Hostility between Britain and its American colonies explodes into bloodshed, igniting the [[American Revolutionary War]]. * [[May 10]] β American Revolution: ** The [[Second Continental Congress]] meets, elects [[John Hancock]] president, raises the [[Continental Army]] under [[George Washington]] as commander and authorizes the colonies to adopt their own [[constitutions]]. ** [[Ethan Allen]] and [[Benedict Arnold]], leading the [[Green Mountain Boys]] of [[Vermont Republic|Vermont]], [[Capture of Fort Ticonderoga|capture Fort Ticonderoga]]. * [[May 17]] β American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with [[Canada]]. * [[June 11]] ** [[Coronation of Louis XVI]] takes place in [[Reims]]. The last coronation of the [[Ancien Regime]] before the [[French Revolution]] ** [[American Revolutionary War]] β [[Battle of Machias]]: In the first naval engagement of the American Revolution, Patriot forces capture the schooner ''HMS Margaretta''. * [[June 12]] β American Revolution: ** The [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] forces offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. ** Action by citizens of [[Machias, Maine]], in capturing British ships recognises the existence of a [[United States Merchant Marine]]. * [[June 14]] β American Revolution: The Continental Congress names [[George Washington]] as commander of the [[Continental Army]]. * [[June 16]] β The post of [[chief engineer]] of the [[Continental Army]] is created. * [[June 17]] β American Revolution: Two months into the colonial [[siege of Boston]], British open fire on [[Breed's Hill]] on Charles Town Peninsula. After 3 charges, the British take the hill in the [[Battle of Bunker Hill]]. * [[June 19]] β The post of [[Commanding General]] is created by the [[Continental Congress]].
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