Editing 1859 in science (section)

==Biology==
[[Image:Origin of Species title page.jpg|right|200px]]
* March 21 – The [[Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]] issues the charter establishing the [[Zoological Society of Philadelphia]], the first organization of its kind in the [[United States]] and founder of the nation's first [[zoo]].
* November 3 – [[Alfred Russel Wallace]]'s paper "On the Zoological geography of the Malay Archipelago", introducing the [[Wallace Line]], is read by [[Charles Darwin]] to the [[Linnean Society of London]].<ref>Published in ''Journal of the Proceedings'' of the Society vol. '''IV''', Zoology, no. 16 (10 February 1860) p. 172.</ref>
* November 24 – [[Charles Darwin]] publishes ''[[On the Origin of Species]]''.
* December – [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]]'s ''Introductory Essay to the Flora Tasmaniae'' supports Darwin's theories.
* [[Pollen]] is identified as the cause of [[allergic rhinitis]] by [[Charles Harrison Blackley]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Justin|last=Parkinson|title=John Bostock: The man who 'discovered' hay fever|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28038630|access-date=2018-06-10|work=[[BBC News]] Magazine|date=2014-07-01|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731221944/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-28038630|archive-date=2015-07-31}}</ref>
* [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], in the second volume of ''Histoire naturelle générale des Règnes organiques'', introduces the term ''[[ethology]]''.<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''.</ref>
* [[Wilhelm Peters]] first describes the [[guppy]] (fish ''Poecilia reticulata'') from Venezuela.
* [[Rudolf Virchow]] publishes ''Vorlesungen über Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologischer und pathologischer Gewebelehre'', a major textbook on [[cellular pathology]].<ref>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Virchow, Rudolf|year=1920}}</ref>