Editing 1997 in science (section)

==Biology==
* February 22 – In [[Roslin, Scotland|Roslin]], Scotland, scientists announce that an adult [[sheep]] named [[Dolly the sheep|Dolly]] has been successfully [[Cloning|cloned]] and was born in July [[1996 in science|1996]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/22/newsid_4245000/4245877.stm|website=BBC News|accessdate=20 February 2018|date=22 February 1997}}</ref>
* March 4 – United States President [[Bill Clinton]] bars federal funding for any research on [[human cloning]].
* March 14 – The widely cited 1973 John/Joan study of gender reassignment of a twin boy who lost his penis to a botched circumcision is exposed as fraudulent. The supposedly successful outcome for "Joan" reported by [[John Money]] had been cited as proof that gender was determined by nurture, yet the patient (later revealed as [[David Reimer]]) was in fact deeply unhappy and had returned to his original gender by the age of 15, thus indicating the exact opposite thesis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/14/us/sexual-identity-not-pliable-after-all-report-says.html|title = Sexual Identity Not Pliable After All, Report Says|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 14 March 1997|last1 = Angier|first1 = Natalie}}</ref>
* April 25 – Scientists announce that [[human artificial chromosome]]s have been created.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Harrington|first=J. J.|display-authors=etal|title=Formation of de novo centromeres and construction of first-generation human artificial microchromosomes|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=15|pages=345–55|year=1997|issue=4 |pmid=9090378|doi=10.1038/ng0497-345|s2cid=9150827}}</ref>
* July 10 – In London, scientists report their [[DNA]] analysis findings from a [[Neandertal]] skeleton which support the [[out of Africa theory]] of [[human evolution]] placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
* August – [[Suzanne Simard]] and colleagues publish their discovery of carbon transfer between trees.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Simard|first=Suzanne W.|display-authors=etal|year=1997|title=Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=388|issue=6642 |pages=579–582|doi=10.1038/41557 |s2cid=4423207 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* November 6 – The discovery of [[Klotho (biology)|klotho]], a gene involved in human aging, is reported.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://gladstoneinstitutes.org/pressrelease/2014-05-08/better-cognition-seen-with-gene-variant-carried-by-1-in-5 |title = Gladstone Institutes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1038/36285| title=Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing| journal=Nature| volume=390| issue=6655| pages=45–51| year=1997| last1=Kuro-o| first1=Makoto| last2=Matsumura| first2=Yutaka| last3=Aizawa| first3=Hiroki| last4=Kawaguchi| first4=Hiroshi| last5=Suga| first5=Tatsuo| last6=Utsugi| first6=Toshihiro| last7=Ohyama| first7=Yoshio| last8=Kurabayashi| first8=Masahiko| last9=Kaname| first9=Tadashi| last10=Kume| first10=Eisuke| last11=Iwasaki| first11=Hitoshi| last12=Iida| first12=Akihiro| last13=Shiraki-Iida| first13=Takako| last14=Nishikawa| first14=Satoshi| last15=Nagai| first15=Ryozo| last16=Nabeshima| first16=Yo-Ichi| bibcode=1997Natur.390...45K| pmid=9363890| s2cid=4428141}}</ref>
* November 19 – In [[Des Moines, Iowa]], Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to [[McCaughey septuplets|septuplets]] in the second known case where all seven babies are born alive, and the first in which all survive infancy.