Editing 2001 (section)

=== Internal conflicts ===
{{Image frame|content=[[File:Visit of Laurent Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the EC (cropped2).jpg|179px]] [[File:Pierre Buyoya and Ange-Félix Patassé collage.png|100px]]|width=283|align=right|caption=DRC President [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] (left) was assassinated on January 16. Burundi President [[Pierre Buyoya]] (top) and CAR President [[Ange-Félix Patassé]] both faced coup attempts.}}The [[Second Congo War]] continued with the [[Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila|assassination]] of President [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]] on January 16.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=29}} The 1999 ceasefire was mostly respected by the government and the various rebel groups, and United Nations ceasefire monitors established a presence throughout the year.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=30}} The [[Algerian Civil War]], the [[Angolan Civil War]], and the [[Burundian Civil War]] all saw continued fighting between governments and rebels in Africa.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|pages=24–29}} The latter began the peace process through a provisional government on November 1.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=27}} The [[Second Sudanese Civil War]] between the ruling [[National Islamic Front]] and various other groups escalated in 2001.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=37}} This included a sub-conflict, the [[War of the Peters]], which continued into 2001 until a ceasefire was negotiated in August.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WQkACoP3FkC |title=Sudan, Oil, and Human Rights |last=Rone |first=Jemera |date=2003 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=77 |access-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002193114/https://books.google.com/books?id=3WQkACoP3FkC |url-status=live }}</ref>

Two failed coup attempts took place in 2001: a group of junior officers sought to overthrow President [[Pierre Buyoya]] in Burundi while he was out of the country on April 18,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Chin |first1=John J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyScEAAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of Modern Coups D'état |last2=Wright |first2=Joseph |last3=Carter |first3=David B. |date=2022-12-13 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2068-2 |language=en |access-date=September 6, 2023 |archive-date=September 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929025204/https://books.google.com/books?id=WyScEAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Rp|page=218}} and [[André Kolingba]], a former president of the Central African Republic, led a military coup against his successor [[Ange-Félix Patassé]] on May 28, causing several days of violence.<ref name=":2" />{{Rp|page=249}}

Several conflicts continued in Indonesia, though the [[insurgency in Aceh]] between the Indonesian government and the [[Free Aceh Movement]] was the only one to see widespread violence in 2001, as the war significantly escalated after the end of a ceasefire and breakdown of peace talks.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|pages=46–47}} The [[New People's Army rebellion]] saw two ceasefires between the Philippine government and the [[New People's Army]], separated by a brief surge of heavy fighting after the assassination of a member of parliament. A ceasefire was also established with the nation's other insurgent group, the [[Moro Islamic Liberation Front]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=49}} In Myanmar, the [[Karen conflict]] continued, and the [[Internal conflict in Myanmar#Shan State|insurgency of the Shan State]] resumed hostilities after a temporary peace in 1999.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]] declared a ceasefire and requested peace talks during the [[Eelam War III]] in Sri Lanka,<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=50}} but hostilities resumed on April 25, and the Tamil Tigers launched several suicide attacks in July, including the [[Bandaranaike Airport attack]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=51}} The [[Nepalese Civil War]] also saw increased hostilities in 2001.<ref name=":1" />

[[File:JuniAracinovo2001.jpg|thumb|Macedonian soldiers during the [[Battle of Aračinovo]]]]
The only major conflict in Europe was the [[Second Chechen War]] between the Russian government and the separatist [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]]. Russian forces controlled the republic's population centers, but Chechen forces continued to use [[guerrilla warfare]].<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=53}} Macedonia saw a smaller scale conflict between the Macedonian government and the [[National Liberation Army (Macedonia)|National Liberation Army]] (NLA), which sought reform for the status of Albanian people in Macedonia.<ref name="Marusic-2021">{{Cite web |last=Marusic |first=Sinisa Jakov |date=2021-01-22 |title=20 Years On, Armed Conflict's Legacy Endures in North Macedonia |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/01/22/20-years-on-armed-conflicts-legacy-endures-in-north-macedonia/ |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=Balkan Insight |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127025258/https://balkaninsight.com/2021/01/22/20-years-on-armed-conflicts-legacy-endures-in-north-macedonia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Operation Essential Harvest|deployment of NATO peacekeeping forces]] to Macedonia was authorized on August 21.<ref name="NATO-2001" /> Yugoslavia similarly saw [[insurgency in the Preševo Valley|an insurgency]] by Albanian rebels, but the conflict did not escalate.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=53}} The only major conflict in South America was the [[Colombian conflict]] between the Colombian government and various far-left and far-right groups.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=58}} The [[United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia]] expanded into Ecuador in 2001 and carried out attacks on Ecuadorian citizens.<ref name=":3" />{{Rp|page=60}}