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==== Byzantine Empire ==== * [[August 17]] – [[Battle of the Gates of Trajan]]: Emperor [[Basil II]] leads a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] expeditionary force (30,000 men) against the Bulgarians to capture the fortress city of [[Sredets (medieval Bulgaria)|Sredets]]. After a [[siege]] of 20 days, Basil is forced to retreat from the [[Sofia Valley]] towards the town of [[Ihtiman]] (through a passage known as the [[Gate of Trajan]]). The Bulgarians under Tsar [[Samuel of Bulgaria|Samuel]] ambush and defeat the Byzantine forces. Only the elite [[Varangian Guard]] escapes with heavy casualties and leads Basil to safety through secondary routes.<ref>''Zlatarski'', History of the Bulgarian state, v. I, ch. 2, pp. 674β675.</ref>
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