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== Service history == === France === During the Suez Crisis of 1956, the French Army used two sections of the 2nd Foreign Cavalry Regiment's AMX-13 tanks in Port Fouad. The AMX-13s also saw limited action in the Algerian War, largely due to the rough terrain in most of Algeria and much of the fighting with the anti-colonial guerillas being in the difficult terrain of the countryside.<ref>{{cite web|title=La cavalerie pendant la guerre d'Algérie - Le 1er RHP|url=http://www.fncv.com/biblio/conflits/algerie/cavalerie-1er-rhp/index.html|author=Jean Charles Auffret|website=FNCV|language=fr|access-date=11 May 2015|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014100/http://www.fncv.com/biblio/conflits/algerie/cavalerie-1er-rhp/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> France also fielded a number of AMX-13s fitted with US [[M24 Chaffee|Chaffee]] light tank turrets in the fighting in Algeria. === Argentina === The Argentinian Army fielded locally-built versions of both the AMX-13-105 and the [[AMX-VCI]] armoured personnel carrier. Argentine AMX-13s were not deployed during the [[Falklands War]]. Senior commanders considered that off-road conditions in the [[Falkland Islands]] were too [[bog]]gy for all of the armoured vehicles available at the time. The newly developed [[Tanque Argentino Mediano]] (TAM) was not yet available. For on-road operations in the islands, Argentina's [[Panhard AML]]-90 wheeled fighting vehicles were considered more suitable than the AMX-13. The higher speed and other aspects of the Panhard's performance also represented acceptable trade-offs for its smaller (90 mm) main gun, relative to the AMX-13 (105 mm). {{expand section|date=April 2023}} === Dominican Republic === AMX-13s saw service among both the loyalists and the rebels during the [[Dominican Civil War]] of 1965. Two AMX-13s used by the rebel forces were destroyed by [[M50 Ontos]] of the [[United States Marine Corps]] during the subsequent [[Dominican Civil War#U.S. intervention|American intervention]] in the Dominican Republic. === Israel === [[File:AMX-13 at Latrun4.JPG|thumb|Decommissioned Israeli AMX-13 on display at Yad La-Shiryon Tank Museum in [[Latrun]]]] The AMX-13 was Israel's first modern tank and was purchased at a time when France was the only country willing to openly sell arms to Israel. By 1956, Israel had ordered 180 AMX-13 light tanks as part of an agreement to reinforce Israel's military and to maintain the balance in Israel's favour after the [[Egyptian–Czechoslovak arms deal]]. Besides buying whole AMX-13s, Israel also purchased a quantity of SA 50 75mm tank guns for upgunning some of the American [[M4 Sherman]] tanks. Due to the shortage of tanks, the IDF used them as main battle tanks and employed them to form a tank battalion in the 7th Armored Brigade. IDF reconnaissance units did not use AMX-13s. By 1967, Israel had less than 100 AMX-13s and formed three AMX-13 battalions, all of which fought actively on all fronts during the [[Six-Day War]]. The first battalion moved south in the West Bank area through Taluzi and Tubas and occupied Nablus (against Jordan). The second, attacking Egypt, captured the strongpoints protecting the Gaza Strip and the coastal road in the north of the Sinai Peninsula. The third, finally, assaulted the Golan Heights in southwestern Syria. The IDF realised that the AMX-13 tank was too lightly armoured and had a weak main gun. Losses were heavy at places like Rafah Junction and Jiradi Pass during the Six-Day War with many destroyed by heavier Arab-fielded Soviet armour, such as T-55 MBTs and [[IS-3 (tank)]] heavy tanks. Subsequently, Israel gradually phased out all of its AMX-13s following the Six-Day War, with most ending up being sold to the then newly established [[Singapore Army]] between 1968 and 1969. ===India=== [[File:Pakistani soldiers with captured Indian AMX-13.jpg|thumb|Indian AMX-13]] During the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War, India deployed AMX-13 Tanks to oppose the initial armour onslaught of [[Operation Grand Slam]] in the Chhamb-Jaurian area and also in the [[Battle of Asal Uttar]]. During the 1965 [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Indo-Pakistani War]] in Chhamb-[[Jaurian]] in Jammu & Kashmir, the [[20th Lancers (India)|20 Lancers]], equipped with AMX-13 tanks was under command of the [[10th Infantry Division (India)|10th Infantry Division]]. Pakistan's surprise attack on 1 September, [[Operation Grand Slam]], fell on [[191 Infantry Brigade (India)|191 Infantry Brigade]] which was supported by "C" Squadron of the regiment, under Maj Bhaskar Roy. The Pakistani armoured attack comprised two regiments, one of [[M48 Patton]] medium tanks and one of [[M36 tank destroyer|M36B2]] tank destroyers.<ref name="Jogindar1993">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jogindar|title=Behind the Scene: An Analysis of India's Military Operations, 1947-1971|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=toheLRVgjLsC&pg=PA117|year=1993|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-20-2|page=117}}</ref> The attack began at 0805 hours and was strongly resisted. During the initial phases of the attack, Roy destroyed six Pattons, and three recoilless guns and captured a jeep. A second attack was launched by Pakistani armour at 1100 hours and contested by the AMX-13s of 20 Lancers, which despite being outgunned and outnumbered, destroyed a total 13 tanks that day and prevented the encirclement of 191 Infantry Brigade.<ref name="Chakravorty1995"/> The regiment later fought in the defence of Jaurian under 41 Infantry Brigade.<ref name="Bajwa2008">{{cite book|last=Bajwa|first=Kuldip Singh|title=India's National Security: Military Challenges and Responses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYLzW9BoJtAC&pg=PA235|year=2008|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-1389-9|pages=225–235}}</ref> For the defence of Chhamb-Jaurian, the regiment was awarded a theatre honour and Maj Bhaskar Roy was awarded [[Maha Vir Chakra]] for his leadership in this action.<ref name="Chakravorty1995">{{cite book|last=Chakravorty|first=B.|title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC&pg=PA114|year=1995|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7023-516-3|page=114}}</ref> In the Battle of Assal Uttar, on 8–10 September 1965 in Asal Uttar ([[Khem Karan]], [[Punjab, India]]), a regiment of AMX-13s — 8th Light Cavalry — along with a regiment each of Centurions and M4 Shermans fought off and defeated a Pakistani armoured offensive comprising five regiments of M48 Patton tanks and one regiment of [[M24 Chaffee]] tanks.<ref name="Chapt 5 official history">{{cite web|last=History|first=Official|title=All out war pg 39|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1965War/PDF/1965Chapter06.pdf|work=Official History of 1965 war|publisher=Times of India|access-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609072642/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/History/1965War/PDF/1965Chapter06.pdf|archive-date=9 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Indonesia === [[File:Indonesian Army AMX-13s of the Yonkav 6.jpg|thumb|Indonesian AMX-13/75 Modèle 51 (SM1) in the lead of another two AMX-13 tanks and one AMX-VTT APC]] The [[Indonesian Army]] received 175 AMX-13/75, 32 [[AMX-VCI]] (including 4 command variants and six ARV variants), and 10 AMX-13 PDP from France in 1960, which were delivered in 1960–1962. Indonesia then bought around 100 to 180 ex-Royal Netherlands Army AMX-VCI in 1976, which were modernized and delivered in 1977–1978. The last batch of AMX-13 family were bought in 1980–1981, when the Army acquired 130 second-hand but modernized AMX-13/105 from the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|title=Peace Research Institute Arms Trade Register|website=armstrade.sipri.org}}</ref> The AMX-13s first saw combat against the [[30 September Movement]] in 1965, when they were deployed to secure Suharto's control of [[Jakarta]] against an alleged coup by other generals'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sainsindonesia.co.id/index.php/en/rubrik/opini/1249-panser-kavaleri-selau-hadir-saat-genting|title=Panser Kavaleri: Selalu Hadir di Saat Genting|website=sainsindonesia.co.id|date=27 November 2014|access-date=30 May 2021|language=id}}</ref> AMX-13/75 tanks and the VCI variants participated in the 1975 [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor]] (known in Indonesia as ''Operasi Seroja'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indomiliter.com/amx-13-tank-tempur-utama-tni-ad/|title=AMX-13 : Tank Tempur Utama TNI-AD|website=indomiliter.com|date=10 August 2009|access-date=30 May 2021|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indomiliter.com/amx-13-vci-kavaleri-tni-ad-pernah-dipasangi-kubah-tertutup-dengan-senapan-mesin-sedang/|title=AMX-13 VCI Kavaleri TNI AD Pernah Dipasangi Kubah 'Tertutup' Dengan Senapan Mesin Sedang|website=indomiliter.com|date=23 November 2020|access-date=30 May 2021|language=id}}</ref> Indonesian AMX-13s also participated in the [[2003–2004 Indonesian offensive in Aceh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2017/08/18/340/1758576/tank-saksi-bisu-operasi-militer-di-aceh-ikuti-pawai-kemerdekaan|title=Tank Saksi Bisu Operasi Militer di Aceh Ikuti Pawai Kemerdekaan|website=news.okezone.com|date=18 August 2017|access-date=30 May 2021|language=id}}</ref> The AMX-13 gained momentary notoriety in Indonesian social media in September 2020, after an AMX-13 driver lost control when making a turn and ran over a street food vendor cart and four motorcycles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/09/10/18402261/detik-detik-tank-tabrak-gerobak-dan-4-motor-tni-siap-ganti-rugi|title=Detik-detik Tank Tabrak Gerobak dan 4 Motor, TNI Siap Ganti Rugi|website=kompas.com|date=10 September 2020|access-date=2 June 2022|language=id}}</ref> The accident happened on 10 September 2020 at around 11:00 [[UTC+07:00|WIB]], at an intersection in Cipatat District, [[West Bandung Regency]], during a 4th Cavalry Battalion company-level combat readiness exercise. No one was injured and the owners of the cart and vehicles were given compensation totalling 15.4 million rupiah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://voi.id/berita/13703/penyebar-video-insiden-tank-tabrak-gerobak-tak-diburu-malah-sudah-ganti-rugi|title=Penyebar Video Insiden Tank Tabrak Gerobak Tak Diburu, Malah Sudah Ganti Rugi|website=voi.id|date=11 September 2020|access-date=2 June 2022|language=id}}</ref> === Lebanon === The [[Lebanese Armed Forces|Lebanese Army]] was an important user of the AMX-13 in the [[Middle East]], purchasing 42 AMX-13/75s and 22 AMX-13/105s from France in 1972.<ref name="Robinson 2018 p. 185">Robinson, Lau and Gibeau, ''Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives'' (2018), p. 185.</ref> During the [[Lebanese Civil War]], the Lebanese AMX-13s saw extensive service in the hands of the regular Lebanese Army and various armed groups in and outside [[Beirut]] between 1975 and 1990, following the collapse of the [[Lebanese Armed Forces]] (LAF) structure in January 1976, and later again in February 1984 in the wake of the [[Mountain War (Lebanon)|Mountain War]]. During this period, most of the regular Army's AMX-13s fell into the hands of the competing Christian-rightist [[Lebanese Front]] and Muslim-leftist [[Lebanese National Movement]] (LNM) militias or were taken way by dissident rebellious Lebanese Army factions. France later delivered an additional 13 AMX-13/90s to the regular Lebanese Army between 1978–1981 and again in 1984.<ref>Kassis, ''Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon'' (2012), pp. 15; 21–22.</ref><ref>Robinson, Lau and Gibeau, ''Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives'' (2018), p. 185, note 49.</ref> Captured AMX-13s were employed by the [[Lebanese Arab Army]] (LAA),{{sfnp|Kassis|2012|page=49}} [[Army of Free Lebanon]] (AFL),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scale35.blogspot.com/2009/05/amx-13-tell-el-zaatar.html|title=AMX-13 light tank of the Army of Free Lebanon at the siege of Tel al-Zaatar, East Beirut, July 1976|date=May 29, 2009}}</ref> [[Kataeb Regulatory Forces]] (KRF), [[Tigers Militia]], [[Lebanese Forces (militia)|Lebanese Forces]] (LF), [[South Lebanon Army]] (SLA), [[Lebanese Resistance Regiments|Amal Movement]], and the [[People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)|People's Liberation Army]] (PLA).<ref>Kassis, ''30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon'' (2003), p. 59.</ref> Nearly all AMX-13s eventually were returned by the demobilized militias to the Lebanese Army between 1990 and 1993. Currently, none of the Lebanese AMX-13 light tanks is believed to remain operational.<ref name="Robinson 2018 p. 185"/> In July 2018, six of these withdrawn AMX-13 and various other former Lebanese Army military vehicles were dumped in the sea off the coast of [[Sidon]] in southern Lebanon and used as part of an [[artificial reef]]. === Morocco === Morocco used some AMX-13s in the [[Sand War]] of 1963. Later on, they were engaged in the [[Western Sahara conflict]]. They were supplemented by the similar Austrian [[SK-105 Kürassier]] light tank during that war.
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