Editing Affective computing (section)

===Emotion in machines===
Another area within affective computing is the design of computational devices proposed to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that are capable of convincingly simulating emotions. A more practical approach, based on current technological capabilities, is the simulation of emotions in conversational agents in order to enrich and facilitate interactivity between human and machine.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Heise|first=David|contribution=Enculturating agents with expressive role behavior|year=2004|title=Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Mutlicultural World|editor1=Sabine Payr|pages=127–142|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates|editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=Trappl}}</ref>

[[Marvin Minsky]], one of the pioneering computer scientists in [[artificial intelligence]], relates emotions to the broader issues of machine intelligence stating in ''[[The Emotion Machine]]'' that emotion is "not especially different from the processes that we call 'thinking.'"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/14/AR2006121401554.html|title=Mind Over Matter|last=Restak|first=Richard|date=2006-12-17|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=2008-05-13}}</ref> The innovative approach "digital humans" or [[Virtual human|virtual humans]] includes an attempt to give these programs, which simulate humans, the emotional dimension as well, including reactions in accordance with the reaction that a real person would react in a certain emotionally stimulating situation as well as facial expressions and gestures.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Loveys |first1=Kate |last2=Sagar |first2=Mark |last3=Broadbent |first3=Elizabeth |date=2020-07-22 |title=The Effect of Multimodal Emotional Expression on Responses to a Digital Human during a Self-Disclosure Conversation: a Computational Analysis of User Language |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01624-4 |journal=Journal of Medical Systems |volume=44 |issue=9 |page=143 |doi=10.1007/s10916-020-01624-4 |pmid=32700060 |s2cid=220717084 |issn=0148-5598}}</ref>

Emotion in machines often refers to emotion in computational, often AI-based, systems. As a result, the terms 'emotional AI' and '[https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/emotion-ai-explained emotion AI]' are being used.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ho |first=Manh-Tung |date=29 March 2023 |title=An analytical framework for studying attitude towards emotional AI: The three-pronged approach |journal=[[MethodsX]] |volume=10 |issue=102149 |doi=10.1016/j.mex.2023.102149 |pmid=37091958 |pmc=10113835 }}</ref>