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Alabama language
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===Consonants=== There are fourteen consonant [[phoneme]]s in Alabama.{{sfn|Hardy|2005|p=82}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! colspan=2|[[Labial consonant|Labial]] ! colspan=2|[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] ! [[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]/<br />[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ! [[Velar consonant|Velar]] ! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |- ! [[Nasal stop|Nasal]] | align="center" colspan=2|{{IPA link|m}} | align="center" colspan=2|{{IPA link|n}} | | | |- ! [[Stop consonant|Stop]] | align="center"|{{IPA link|p}} | align="center"|{{IPA link|b}} | align="center" colspan=2|{{IPA link|t}} | align="center"|{{IPA link|tʃ}} | align="center"|{{IPA link|k}} | |- ! [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | align="center" colspan=2|{{IPA link|f}} | align="center"|{{IPA link|s}} | align="center"|{{IPA link|ɬ}} | | | align="center"|{{IPA link|h}} |- ! [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | align="center" colspan=2|{{IPA link|w}} | colspan=2 align="center"|{{IPA link|l}} | align="center"|{{IPA link|j}} | | |} {{IPA|/s/}} is [[Apical consonant|apico-alveolar]], {{IPA|[s̺]}}. The voiceless stops {{IPA|/p t k/}} are typically [[Fortis and lenis|fortis]]{{clarify|date=February 2012}} and unlike in many other Southeastern languages they are not [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] between vowels. All consonants can occur [[Gemination|geminated]].<ref name="hardy2005p83">Hardy 2005:83</ref> The post-alveolar affricate {{IPA|/tʃ/}} is realized as {{IPA|[s]}} when it occurs as the first member of a consonant cluster and the geminate is realized as {{IPA|[ttʃ]}}. The only voiced [[stop consonant|plosive]] in Alabama is {{IPA|/b/}}, which is realized as {{IPA|[m]}} when it occurs in coda (syllable final) position. The geminate {{IPA|/bb/}} is realized as {{IPA|[mb]}}.<ref name="hardy2005p83" /> The two nasal phonemes become velar {{IPA|[ŋ]}} before the velar stop {{IPA|/k/}}. In syllable-final position, {{IPA|/h/}} is often realized as lengthening of the preceding vowel.<ref name="hardy2005p83" />
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