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Amphipoda
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===Anatomy=== [[File:Scheme amphipod anatomy-en.svg|thumb|left|Diagram of the anatomy of the [[gammaridea]]n amphipod ''[[Leucothoe incisa]]'']] The body of an amphipod is divided into 13 segments, which can be [[tagmosis|grouped into]] a head, a [[thorax]] and an abdomen.<ref name="Wade">{{cite book |first1=Sam |last1=Wade |first2=Tracy |last2=Corbin |first3=Linda-Marie |last3=McDowell |isbn=1-876562-67-6 |year=2004 |publisher=Waterwatch South Australia |title=Critter Catalogue. A guide to the aquatic invertebrates of South Australian inland waters |chapter=Class Crustacea |url=http://www.sa.waterwatch.org.au/pdfs/critters_5_crustaceans.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017035859/http://sa.waterwatch.org.au/pdfs/critters_5_crustaceans.pdf |archive-date=2009-10-17 }}</ref> The head is fused to the thorax, and bears two pairs of [[antenna (biology)|antennae]] and one pair of sessile [[compound eye]]s.<ref name="TAFI">{{cite web|url=http://www.tafi.org.au/zooplankton/imagekey/malacostraca/peracarida/amphipoda/amphipoda.html |title=Order Amphipoda |work=Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia |year=2008 |publisher=[[Tasmanian Aquaculture & Fisheries Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720143838/http://www.tafi.org.au/zooplankton/imagekey/malacostraca/peracarida/amphipoda/amphipoda.html |archive-date=2008-07-20 }}</ref> It also carries the [[arthropod mouthparts|mouthparts]], but these are mostly concealed.<ref name="Holsinger"/> The thorax and abdomen are usually quite distinct and bear different kinds of legs; they are typically laterally compressed, and there is no [[carapace]].<ref name="TAFI"/> The thorax bears eight pairs of [[uniramous]] [[appendage]]s, the first of which are used as accessory [[arthropod mouthparts|mouthparts]]; the next four pairs are directed forwards, and the last three pairs are directed backwards.<ref name="TAFI"/> Gills are present on the thoracic segments, and there is an [[open circulatory system]] with a [[heart]], using [[Hemocyanin|haemocyanin]] to carry [[oxygen]] in the [[hemolymph|haemolymph]] to the tissues. The uptake and [[excretion]] of [[salt (chemistry)|salts]] is controlled by special [[gland]]s on the antennae.<ref name="Wade"/> The abdomen is divided into two parts: the pleosome which bears [[pleopod|swimming legs]]; and the urosome, which comprises a [[telson]] and three pairs of [[uropod]]s which do not form a tail fan as they do in animals such as [[true shrimp]].<ref name="TAFI"/>
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