Editing Anglo American plc (section)

===1990–2010===
[[File:Sculptures outside Anglo American.jpg|thumb|Sculptures outside Anglo American offices in London]]
On 24 May 1999, Anglo American Corporation merged with [[Minorco]] to form Anglo American plc, with its primary listing on the [[London Stock Exchange]] and a secondary listing on the [[Johannesburg Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/anglo-american-creates-pounds-6bn-london-giant-1178568.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/anglo-american-creates-pounds-6bn-london-giant-1178568.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Anglo American creates pounds 6bn London giant |date=16 October 1998 |first=Peter |last=Thal Larsen |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=6 December 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Its gold mining operations were spun off into the separate [[AngloGold]] corporation, which in 2004 merged with the [[Ashanti Goldfields Corporation]] to form [[AngloGold Ashanti]]. Anglo American reduced its stake in AngloGold Ashanti to 16.6% in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.angloamerican.com/investors/shareholder-information/agm/Archive/ceo2008 |title=AGM 2008 - Chief Executive speech |date=15 April 2008 |website=Anglo American plc }}</ref>

In 2000, Julian Ogilvie Thompson retired as chief executive of Anglo American and was succeeded by [[Tony Trahar]]. Ogilvie Thompson also retired as chairman in 2002 and was replaced by [[Mark Moody-Stuart]]. In the same year, Anglo American acquired [[Tarmac Group|Tarmac]], a supplier of building materials,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/tarmac-falls-to-pounds-12bn-anglo-american-bid-1123813.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/tarmac-falls-to-pounds-12bn-anglo-american-bid-1123813.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Tarmac falls to pounds 1.2bn Anglo American bid |newspaper=The Independent |date=6 November 1999|access-date=17 January 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell Petroleum Company]]'s Australian coal assets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/bizasia/BF02Aa01.html |title=Shell to shed coal to Anglo American |date=2 June 2000 |work=[[Asia Times Online]] |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010411065324/http://www.atimes.com/bizasia/BF02Aa01.html |archive-date=11 April 2001 |url-status=unfit }}</ref> In 2001, De Beers was privatised after being a listed company for more than 70 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/16/business/17.6-billion-deal-to-make-de-beers-private-company.html |title=$17.6&nbsp;Billion Deal to Make De Beers Private Company |date=16 February 2001 |first1=Alan |last1=Cowell |first2=Rachel L. |last2=Swarns |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref>

In 2002, South Africa's Mining Charter was approved,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/business/trends/empowerment/charters.htm |title=Key empowerment charters |date=29 October 2004 |website=SouthAfrica.info |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> and Anglo American and other mining companies with operations in the country were mandated to transfer a percentage of their South African production to historically disadvantaged South Africans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2316123.stm |title=South African mines charter welcomed |date=10 October 2002 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> From 2002 to July 2008 Anglo American carried out black community economic empowerment transactions (across all businesses with operations in South Africa) totalling [[South African rand|R]]26&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.miningweekly.com/article/employment-equity-next-big-transformation-challenge-for-anglo-american-south-africa-baum-2008-07-08/rep_id:3650 |title=Employment equity next big transformation challenge for Anglo American South Africa – Baum |date=8 July 2008 |first=Chanel |last=de Bruyn |work=[[Mining Weekly]] |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> Also, in 2002, Anglo Base Metals acquired the Disputada copper operations in Chile from [[ExxonMobil]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dallas.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2002/11/11/daily35.html |title=Exxon Mobil completes Chile copper business sale |date=13 November 2002 |work=[[Dallas Business Journal]] |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> and opened a representative office in [[Beijing]], China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjreview.com.cn/world/txt/2007-04/23/content_62271_2.htm |title=Getting Down to Business |date=26 April 2007 |first=Michael |last=Jones |work=[[Beijing Review]] |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930034515/http://www.bjreview.com.cn/world/txt/2007-04/23/content_62271_2.htm |archive-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2003, Anglo American acquired a majority stake in iron ore producer [[Kumba Resources]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/companies/anglos-stake-in-kumba-is-now-666-762268 |title=Anglo's stake in Kumba is now 66.6% |date=9 December 2003 |work=Business Report |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref>

In 2007, [[Cynthia Carroll]] succeeded Tony Trahar, becoming the first non-South African and first female chief executive of Anglo American.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2949496/Anglo-appoints-first-female-head.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2949496/Anglo-appoints-first-female-head.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Anglo appoints first female head |date=24 October 2006 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=27 May 2009}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The [[Mondi Group]], a paper and packaging business, was also spun out in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/news/666643/Mondi-demerger-approved-Anglo-American-shareholders/ |title=Mondi demerger approved by Anglo American shareholders |date=26 June 2007 |work=Packaging News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218095256/http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/business/mondi-demerger-approved-by-anglo-american-shareholders/ |archive-date=18 February 2012}}</ref> During the next two years, Anglo American opened a representative office in [[New Delhi]], India,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinamining.org/News/2008-11-07/1226027270d18913.html |title=Anglo American Plc keen on Indian tie-ups in mining |date=7 November 2008 |work=China Mining |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725165152/http://www.chinamining.org/News/2008-11-07/1226027270d18913.html |archive-date=25 July 2011}}</ref> acquired control of the Michiquillay copper project in northern [[Peru]] and the MMX [[Minas-Rio]] and Amapa iron ore projects in [[Brazil]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/01/17/mmx-anglo-american-markets-equity-cx_vr_0117markets23.html |title=Anglo American's $5.5&nbsp;Billion Spending Spree |date=17 January 2008 |first=Vidya |last=Ram |work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] |access-date=27 May 2009}}</ref> and later acquired stakes in the Pebble copper project in [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/leadership/forbes/2008/0616/100.html |title=Queen Bee |date=22 May 2008 |first=Phyllis |last=Berman |work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]] |access-date=27 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530220347/http://www.forbes.com/leadership/forbes/2008/0616/100.html |archive-date=30 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Anglo American was also accused in 2007 of damaging environmental practices: in order to complete its planned Alaskan [[Pebble Mine]] in collaboration with Northern Dynasty Minerals, the company considered building a massive dam at the [[headwaters]] of the world's largest [[sockeye salmon]] fishery, which it would risk obliterating.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/24/AR2007122401915_pf.html |title=Alaskans Weigh the Cost of Gold |date=25 December 2007 |first=Karl |last=Vick |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=27 December 2007}}</ref> Opponents also pointed to the use of [[cyanide]], [[heavy metals]], and [[acid mine drainage]] which can all have potentially devastating effects on the environment of the [[Bristol Bay]] area. Opponents of the Pebble Mine created Ballot Measure 4 to impose additional water quality standards on new large-scale mines in the state. However, in August 2007, Alaskans voted against the initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26445447 |title=Alaska voters defeat tougher mining rules |date=28 August 2008 |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=25 August 2009}}</ref> As of September 2008, the Pebble Limited Partnership had not yet put forward a project proposal and was working to prepare a prefeasibility study for the project in the second half of 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.im-mining.com/2008/09/04/alaska-voters-validate-states-regulatory-framework-for-mining/ |title=Alaska voters validate State's regulatory framework for mining |date=4 September 2008 |work=International Mining |access-date=25 August 2009}}</ref> The mine proposal would still need to undergo environmental studies and the permitting process, including being subject to state and federal water protections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alternet.org/water/96843/alaska_chooses_largest_gold_mine_over_clean_water/ |title=Alaska Chooses Largest Gold Mine Over Clean Water |date=29 August 2008 |first=Kari |last=Lydersen |work=[[AlterNet]] |access-date=25 August 2009}}</ref> In December 2013, Anglo American withdrew from the Pebble Limited Partnership.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldenberg|first1=Suzanne|title=Anglo American pulls out of Alaska mines project|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/sep/16/anglo-american-alaska-gold-mines|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=16 September 2013|access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref>