Editing Antipodes (section)

==Etymology==
The word ''antipodes'' comes from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek:]] ἀντίποδες (antípodes),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2310380 ἀντίποδες], Liddell and Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> plural of ἀντίπους (antipous), "with feet opposite (ours)",<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29nti%2Fpous ἀντίπους] Liddell and Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> from ἀντί (antí, “opposite”) + πούς ([[wikt:πούς|poús]], “foot”). The Greek word is attested in [[Plato]]'s dialogue ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'', already referring to a spherical Earth, explaining the relativity of the terms "above" and "below":
{{Blockquote|For if there were any solid body in equipoise at the centre of the universe, there would be nothing to draw it to this extreme rather than to that, for they are all perfectly similar; and if a person were to go round the world in a circle, he would often, when standing at the antipodes of his former position, speak of the same point as above and below; for, as I was saying just now, to speak of the whole which is in the form of a globe as having one part above and another below is not like a sensible man.|Plato<ref>Plato, ''Timaeus'' 63a, translated by Benjamin Jowett, (Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1949).[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1572]</ref>}}

The term is taken up by [[Aristotle]] (''De caelo'' 308a.20), [[Strabo]] (''[[Geographica]]'' 1.1.13), [[Plutarch]] (''[[On the Malice of Herodotus]]'' 37) and [[Diogenes Laërtius]] (''[[Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers]]'' book 3), and was adopted into [[Latin]] as ''antipodes''. The Latin word changed its sense from the original "under the feet, opposite side" to "those with the feet opposite", i.e. a [[bahuvrihi]] referring to hypothetical people living on the opposite side of the Earth. Medieval illustrations imagine them in some way "inverted", with their feet growing out of their heads, pointing upward.

In this sense, ''Antipodes'' first entered [[English language|English]] in 1398 in a translation of the 13th century ''De Proprietatibus Rerum'' by [[Bartholomeus Anglicus]], translated by [[John of Trevisa]]:
{{Blockquote|Yonde in Ethiopia ben the Antipodes, men that haue theyr fete ayenst our fete.
}}(''In Modern English: Yonder in Ethiopia are the Antipodes, men that have their feet against our feet.'')

The modern English singular ''antipode'' arose in the 16th or 17th century as a [[back-formation]] from ''antipodes''; ''antipous'' or the Latinate ''antipus'' would have been closer to the original singular. Most dictionaries suggest a pronunciation of {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|n|t|ɪ|ˌ|p|oʊ|d}} for this form.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/antipode|title=Definition of Antipode|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/antipode|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411021628/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/antipode|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 11, 2020|title=Definition of Antipode|website=Lexico|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antipode|title=Definition of Antipode|website=Merriam-Webster|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref>