Editing Argument from fallacy (section)

==Further==
''Argumentum ad logicam'' can be used as an ''[[ad hominem]]'' appeal: by impugning the opponent's [[credibility]] or [[good faith]], it can be used to sway the audience by undermining the speaker rather than by [[inference objection|addressing the speaker's argument]].<ref name="ff">{{Cite book |last=Fischer |first=D. H. |author-link=David Hackett Fischer |title=Historians' fallacies: toward a logic of historical thought |date=June 1970 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-131545-9 |edition=first |series=Harper torchbooks |location=New York |page=305 |chapter=Fallacies of substantive distraction |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VIvNG8Ect6gC&pg=305 |oclc=185446787 |quote=The ''fallacist's fallacy'' consists in any of the following false propositions... 3. The appearance of a fallacy in an argument is an external sign of its author's depravity.}}</ref>

[[William Lycan]] identifies the fallacy fallacy as the fallacy "of imputing fallaciousness to a view with which one disagrees but without doing anything to show that the view rests on any error of reasoning". Unlike ordinary fallacy fallacies, which reason from an argument's fallaciousness to its conclusion's falsehood, the kind of argument Lycan has in mind treats another argument's fallaciousness as obvious without first demonstrating that any fallacy at all is present. Thus in some contexts it may be a form of [[begging the question]],<ref name="wl">{{Cite book |last=Lycan |first=William G. |author-link=William Lycan |title=Consciousness and experience |publisher=The MIT Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-262-12197-2 |edition=first |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=69 |chapter=Qualia Strictly So Called}}</ref> and it is also a special case of [[ad lapidem]].