Editing Arthur Lowe (section)

==Acting career==
===Early career===
In 1945, Lowe's father was organising special railway trips and excursions, including private trains for circuses and theatre companies.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=49}} He arranged an audition for Lowe with Eric Norman for the Frank H. Fortescue Famous Players repertory company. Lowe was immediately offered a trial in the comedy play ''Bedtime Story'', in which he took the part of Dickson. In this role he made his professional acting debut at the [[Hulme Hippodrome|Manchester Repertory Theatre]] on 17 December 1945.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=50}} He was paid £5 per week for twice-nightly performances.<ref name="TV Times">"Arthur Lowe&nbsp;– The Proud Father", ''TV Times'', 14–20 October 1978</ref> In eight months with Fortescue's he appeared in 33 plays and gave 396 performances.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=61}}

During this time Lowe began a romantic relationship with [[Joan Cooper]] (1922–1989), a married actress in the company whose husband also began an affair at about the same time.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=62–63, 73}} Arthur and Joan were engaged in June 1946 and lived together from August. After Joan's divorce came through they married at a registry office in Robert Adam Street, The Strand, London, on 10 January 1948.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=72}}<ref name="ReferenceA">GRO Register of Marriages: MAR 1948 5d 800 MARYLEBONE&nbsp;– Arthur Lowe = Gatehouse or Cooper</ref> Joan had a son, David Gatehouse, from her first marriage.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=58}} Another son, Stephen Lowe, was born on 23 January 1953.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=93}} The couple remained together until Lowe's death.

Lowe worked with [[repertory]] companies around the country. After a year at the County Theatre, [[Hereford]], 1946–1947, he moved to London in 1948{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=64}} and for the next three years mostly worked in South London theatres.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=72–73}} An early brief film role was as a reporter for the ''[[Tit-Bits]]'' magazine, near the end of the [[Ealing Studios]] dark comedy classic ''[[Kind Hearts and Coronets]]'' (1949). His first [[West End theatre|West End]] role came in 1950, as Wilson the butler in Guy Bolton's ''Larger Than Life''.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=82}} Lowe became known for his character roles, which in 1952 included a breakthrough part as Senator Brockbank in the musical ''[[Call Me Madam]]'' at the [[London Coliseum]].{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=91}} Other roles in musicals included a part in the 1954 London revival of ''[[Pal Joey (musical)|Pal Joey]]'' and eighteen months as the salesman in the first West End production of ''[[The Pajama Game]]'', from 1955 to 1957.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=95–96}} His name first appeared in lights in 1957, at the Piccadilly Theatre, with the part of Bert Vokes in the murder melodrama ''[[A Dead Secret]]''. This also brought his first West End reviews.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=100}}

Lowe first appeared on television in 1951, in an episode of the BBC series ''I Made News''.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=52}} He would work in television every year afterwards, until his death.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|pp=201–208}} 1950s roles included various minor parts in dramas, including the crime series ''[[Murder Bag (TV series)|Murder Bag]]''. He played the role of the gunsmith in ''[[Leave It to Todhunter]]'' (1958), appeared in the comedy series ''[[Time Out for Peggy]]'',{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=203}} and played a fussy, nervous character in an episode of ''[[Dial 999 (TV series)|Dial 999]]''. His first regular television part was as ship steward Sydney Barker in the ABC-TV series ''All Aboard'' (1958–1959).{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=111}}

In 1960 Lowe took up a regular role as draper and lay preacher [[Leonard Swindley]] in the [[Northern England|northern]] [[soap opera]] ''[[Coronation Street]]'', in which he appeared until 1965. He negotiated a contract through which he only had to work six months of the year, three months on and three months off.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=123}} During the months he was not playing Swindley, he remained busy on stage or making one-off guest appearances in other TV series such as ''[[Z-Cars]]'' (1962) and ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'' (1967) (episode entitled "Dead Man's Treasure"). His most acclaimed stage roles during this period included pompous north-country alderman Michael Oglethorpe in Henry Livings's ''Stop It, Whoever You Are'' at the [[Arts Theatre]] (1961),{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=124–125}} and Sir Davey Dunce in ''The Soldier's Fortune'' at the [[Royal Court Theatre]] (1966).{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=149–150}}

Lowe did not relish work on ''Coronation Street'' and was happy to give it up,{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=141}} but viewer responses to his character led to him reprising Swindley for starring roles in the spin-off series ''[[Pardon the Expression]]'' (1966) and its sequel ''[[Turn Out the Lights (TV series)|Turn Out the Lights]]'' (1967).

===Stardom===
In 1968, Lowe was cast in his best remembered role, as [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] platoon leader [[Captain Mainwaring]] in the BBC sitcom ''[[Dad's Army]]'' (1968–1977). Some colleagues on the show later remarked that the role resembled him: pompous and bumbling. [[Frank Williams (actor)|Frank Williams]] said he felt this perception was unfair: "He certainly didn't suffer fools gladly and always knew his own mind, but he also had an ability to laugh at himself. Personally, I found him to be a most kind and generous man".<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1459031/Dads-Army-Frank-Williams-comedy-vicar-captain-mainwaring-corporal-jones| title=Dad's Army star Frank Williams on life after the show that made him famous|access-date=11 July 2021 | work=Daily Express| first=Richard| last=Webber| date=6 July 2021}}</ref> David Croft said Lowe had to be treated with kid gloves. He had firm ideas on what he was willing to do and never took his script home, which resulted in uncertainty over his lines.<ref name="Croft EADT">{{cite news| url=https://www.eadt.co.uk/things-to-do/scriptwriter-david-croft-talks-about-the-birth-of-dad-s-2466678| title=Reliving the birth of TV classic Dad's Army with scriptwriter David Croft|access-date=5 September 2021 | work=East Anglian Daily Times| first=Andrew| last=Clarke| date=23 June 2018}}</ref> He could be pompous and over time his part was written so there was a blurring of the line between actor and character.<ref name="Croft EADT"/> An oddity of his contract was that he would never have to remove his trousers.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/dads-army-the-story-of-a-classic-television-show-by-graham-mccann-747678.html |title=Dad's Army: the story of a classic television show by Graham McCann |last=Sale |first=Jonathan |date=15 November 2000 |work=The Independent |publisher=Independent.co.uk |access-date=20 September 2010 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308123940/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/dads-army-the-story-of-a-classic-television-show-by-graham-mccann-747678.html |archive-date=8 March 2010 }}</ref>

Lowe held [[Conservative Party (UK)|conservative]] political views and disapproved of the [[left-wing politics]] of his co-star [[Clive Dunn]].{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=183}} Dunn, in turn, described some of Lowe's opinions as outrageous, but as an actor rated him "ten out of ten in his field". Despite some tensions, Jimmy Perry described the cast as a "marvellous bunch of pros" with "no sort of volatile animosity between anybody".{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=183}}

Lowe also played Mainwaring in a radio version of ''Dad's Army'', a stage play and a [[Dad's Army (1971 film)|feature-length film]] released in 1971. He played Mainwaring's drunken brother [[Barry Mainwaring]], in the series' 1975 Christmas episode "[[My Brother and I]]".

While ''Dad's Army'' was not in production, Lowe's work continued to include stage roles. In 1968, he was invited by Sir [[Laurence Olivier]] to join the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] at the [[Old Vic]], to play divorce solicitor A.B. Raham in [[Somerset Maugham]]'s ''Home and Beauty''.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=198–198}} He returned to the company in 1974 to play Stephano in [[Peter Hall (director)|Peter Hall]]'s production of ''[[The Tempest]]'', starring Sir [[John Gielgud]]. In the same year he appeared as Ben Jonson alongside Gielgud's Shakespeare in Edward Bond's ''[[Bingo (play)|Bingo]]'' at the [[Royal Court Theatre]].{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=224–226}}

Lowe also had prominent parts in several films directed by [[Lindsay Anderson]], including ''[[if....]]'' (1968) and ''[[O Lucky Man!]]'' (1973), for which he won a BAFTA for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His other film parts during this period included [[Spike Milligan]]'s surreal ''[[The Bed Sitting Room (film)|The Bed Sitting Room]]'' (1969), in which he mutates into a parrot. He played a drunken butler in ''[[The Ruling Class (film)|The Ruling Class]]'' (1972) with [[Peter O'Toole]], and theatre critic Horace Sprout in the horror film ''[[Theatre of Blood]]'' (1973), in which the character is murdered by a deranged actor played by [[Vincent Price]].{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=218}}

On television, Lowe appeared twice as a guest performer on ''[[The Morecambe & Wise Show (1968–1977)|The Morecambe and Wise Show]]'' (1971 and 1977), alongside [[Richard Briers]] in a [[Ben Travers' Farces|series of Ben Travers farces]] for the [[BBC]], as the pompous Dr Maxwell in the ITV comedy ''[[Doctor at Large (TV series)|Doctor at Large]]'' (1971) and as Redvers Bodkin, a snooty, old-fashioned butler, in the short-lived sitcom ''[[The Last of the Baskets]]'' (1971–72). Between 1971 and 1973 Lowe joined ''Dad's Army'' colleague [[Ian Lavender]], on the BBC radio comedy ''[[Parsley Sidings]]'' and he played [[Wilkins Micawber|Mr Micawber]] in a BBC television serial of ''[[David Copperfield (1974 TV serial)|David Copperfield]]'' (1974). He employed a multitude of voices on the BBC animated television series ''[[Mr. Men]]'' (1974), in which he was the narrator.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6557177.stm "Mr Men to return in new TV series"], BBC News, 15 April 2007.</ref>

In 1972, Lowe also recorded the [[novelty song]]s "How I Won The War" and "My Little Girl, My Little Boy".<ref name="Lowesingle">{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Arthur-Lowe-with-Mike-Sammes-Singers-How-I-Won-The-War-My-Little-Girl-My-Little-Boy/master/862981|title=Arthur Lowe with Mike Sammes Singers – How I Won The War|website=[[Discogs]] |access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Gloucester Docks Tall Ship Festival 2013 (3736).jpg|thumb|  ''Amazon''  in 2013]]
While touring at coastal theatres with his wife, Lowe used his 1885 former steam yacht ''[[Amazon (yacht)|Amazon]]'' as a floating base. He bought ''Amazon'' as a houseboat in 1968, but realised her potential and took her back to sea in 1971; this vessel is still operating in the [[Mediterranean]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldshiptrust.org/memberslinks.htm |title=Links with our members:Museums and Vessels:Amazon |work=World ship trust |access-date=1 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913170409/http://www.worldshiptrust.org/memberslinks.htm |archive-date=13 September 2011 }}</ref> The ship had a bar with a semicircular notch cut halfway along, to enable both the portly figure of Lowe and his wife to serve behind the bar at the same time, acting as hosts during the parties they threw on board.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/dads-navy-as-captain-mainwaring-he-entertained-millions-with-his-pomposity-and-his-delusions-of-grandeur-but-the-real-arthur-lowe-fancied-himself-as-a-different-sort-of-captain-1445756.html|title=Dad's Navy: As Captain Mainwaring, he entertained millions with his pomposity and his delusions of grandeur. But the real Arthur Lowe fancied himself as a different sort of captain |access-date=12 January 2012 | work=The Independent|first=Charles|last=Nevin|date=30 October 1994}}</ref>

In an interview for a ''Dad's Army'' retrospective on [[BBC]] television in 2010, Clive Dunn described him sitting at the bar in the evenings when they were filming on location, consuming a drink which Lowe named 'Amazon' after his yacht. Dunn described the drink as comprising "[[gin]] and [[ginger ale]], with a single slice of [[cucumber]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://makemeacocktail.com/recipes/s/?s=amazon|title=Amazon&nbsp;– Cocktail Recipe|website=Makemeacocktail.com|access-date=26 August 2017}}</ref>

Lowe seldom made public political statements, but his face appeared on posters and other advertising in support of the "Voting Yes" campaign for the [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flashbak.com/ephemera-from-the-1975-european-referendum-63088/ |title=Ephemera from the 1975 European Referendum |website=flashbak.com |access-date=17 October 2021}}</ref> He also appeared at a [[Conservative Party (United Kingdom)|Conservative Party]] fundraising bazaar in [[Edward Heath]]'s constituency.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=256}}

===Declining health and later career===
By the mid-1970s Lowe suffered from [[narcolepsy]], which caused him to fall asleep during rehearsals, performances, and at other unintended times – sometimes in the middle of a sentence.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=237–238}} Stephen Lowe said that although he was often mistaken for drunk, he very rarely was.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=148}} While both biographies of Lowe acknowledge his high consumption of alcohol, neither claim it extended to [[alcoholism]].{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|pp=145–146}}{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=205}} Lowe was also unfit, a [[Chain smoking|smoker]], and increasingly [[overweight]]. In 1979, he suffered a mild stroke.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=254, 262}} Despite his generally declining health, including worsening narcolepsy, he maintained a busy professional life;{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=188}} [[Derek Benfield]] described him as a [[workaholic]].{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=266}}

When ''Dad's Army'' ended in 1977, Lowe remained in demand, taking starring roles in television comedies such as ''[[Bless Me, Father]]'' (1978–1981), as the mischievous Catholic priest Father Charles Clement Duddleswell{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=250}} and in ''[[Potter (TV series)|Potter]]'' (1979–80) as the busybody Redvers Potter.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=256}} In 1980 he toured [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] with a production of Derek Benfield's play ''Beyond a Joke''. Around this time Lowe was making many television commercials, with no fewer than nineteen in 1981 alone.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=264}}

His later stage career mainly involved touring the English provinces with his wife. He seldom took on a stage play unless it included a role for Joan and this saw some opportunities fall through.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=244–446}} Lowe's agent Peter Campbell said the last ten years of his theatre career were "blown" by this condition, and Stephen Lowe thought his mother placed unreasonable pressure on his father to find her roles.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=154}} Frank Williams said the couple shared a great love story, and if the arrangement held Lowe back it was only because he chose to be held back.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=246}} [[Ian Lavender]] thought Lowe's narcolepsy led him to pull back from his range and choose safer roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p032r0cj|title=Ian Lavender on Arthur Lowe: "He fell asleep in the middle of the soup"|publisher=BBC|access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref>

In 1981 Lowe reprised his role as Captain Mainwaring for the pilot episode of ''[[It Sticks Out Half a Mile]]'', a radio sequel to ''Dad's Army''.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=267}} At Christmas that year he and Joan appeared in the pantomime ''Mother Goose'' at Victoria Palace, London.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=269}} In January 1982, [[Richard Burton]] had his private aeroplane fly Lowe to [[Venice]] to film a cameo role in the television miniseries ''[[Wagner (film)|Wagner]]''.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

===Death and last released works===
On 14 April 1982, Lowe gave a live televised interview on ''[[Pebble Mill at One]]''.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/bOdJrZ9uS30 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160208052525/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOdJrZ9uS30 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOdJrZ9uS30 |title=Arthur Lowe – Pebble Mill at One – BBC – 1982 Last interview Complete |publisher=YouTube |date=16 July 2014 |access-date=22 December 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> At just after 6 pm the same day, he collapsed from the onset of a stroke in his dressing room at the [[Alexandra Theatre (Birmingham)|Alexandra Theatre]], Birmingham.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=191}} This was before a performance of ''[[Home at Seven (play)|Home at Seven]]'' in which he was due to appear with his wife, Joan.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=274}}  He was taken, unconscious, to [[Birmingham General Hospital]], where he died at about 5 am, at the age of 66.{{sfnp|Lowe|1997|p=191}}{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=275}} 

Lowe was [[cremated]] and his ashes were scattered at [[Sutton Coldfield]] Crematorium, following a small funeral of which few people were notified and fewer than a dozen attended.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=277}} Joan did not attend, as she refused to miss a performance of ''[[Home at Seven (play)|Home at Seven]]'' and was appearing in [[Belfast]] at the time. According to her friend Phyllis Bateman, the couple had a pact that neither would go to the other's funeral.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=277}} Stephen said his parents were not sentimental or religious and Joan's coping mechanism was summed up in the adage, "the show must go on".<ref name="Telegraph 2015">{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11736402/arthur-lowe-son-dads-army.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11736402/arthur-lowe-son-dads-army.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live| title=Stupid Boy! The son of Arthur Lowe on growing up with Capt Mainwaring| access-date=5 September 2021 | work=The Telegraph| first=Richard| last=Webber| date=17 July 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref> A memorial service was held on 24 May 1982 at [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]], attended by Lowe's wife and family, former colleagues and many friends.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=280}}

Lowe's final film and television performances premiered after his death. His last feature film was Lindsay Anderson's ''[[Britannia Hospital]]'' (1982).{{sfnp|Lord|2002|p=268}} In his final sitcom, {{nowrap|''[[A.J. Wentworth, B.A.]]''}} (1982), he starred  as a boys' [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] master.{{sfnp|Lord|2002|pp=271–272}} ''Wagner'' was Lowe's last screen role, released in December 1983.