Editing Arthur Rubinstein (section)

==Personal life==
[[File:Arthur Rubinstein (1963) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg|thumb|Rubinstein in 1963]]

===Marriage and family===
Of his youth, Rubinstein once said: "It is said of me that when I was young I divided my time impartially among wine, women and song. I deny this categorically. Ninety percent of my interests were women."<ref name="nytimes.com"/> At the age of 45, in 1932, Rubinstein married Nela Młynarska,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taylor |first=Angela |date=1983-12-12 |title=NELA RUBINSTEIN: MAKING A LIFE OF HER OWN |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/style/nela-rubinstein-making-a-life-of-her-own.html |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> a 24-year-old Polish [[ballerina]] (who had studied with [[Mary Wigman]]). Nela was the daughter of the Polish conductor [[Emil Młynarski]] and his wife Anna Talko-Hryncewicz, who was from a Polish aristocratic [[Polish heraldry|heraldic family]] of Iłgowski coat of arms. Nela had first fallen in love with Rubinstein when she was 18, but married [[Mieczysław Munz]], another Polish-American pianist, after Rubinstein began an affair with an Italian princess.<ref>Taylor, Angela (12 December 1983) [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/12/style/nela-rubinstein-making-a-life-of-her-own.html "Nela Rubinstein: Making a Life of Her Own"]. ''The New York Times'', Section B, p. 22.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">[http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20086380,00.html "After 50 Years of Pots and Chopins with Husband Arthur, Nela Rubinstein Rolls Out Her Own Cookbook"]. ''People Magazine'', 14 November 1983 Vol. 20, No. 20</ref> Nela subsequently divorced Munz and three years later married Rubinstein.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> They had five children (one died in infancy), including photographer [[Eva Rubinstein]], who married [[William Sloane Coffin]], and son [[John Rubinstein]], a [[Tony Award]]-winning actor and father of actor [[Michael Weston]].<ref>{{cite web | title=John Rubinstein Biography | url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/John-Rubinstein.html | work=filmreference | year=2008 | access-date=April 10, 2008}}</ref> Nela subsequently wrote ''Nela's Cookbook'', which included the dishes she prepared for the couple's legendary parties.<ref>Rubinstein, Nela (1983) ''Nela's Cookbook''. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. {{ISBN|039451761X}}</ref>

Both before and during his marriage, Rubinstein carried on a series of affairs with women, including Lesley Jowitt, the wife of the British politician [[William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt|William Jowitt]], and [[Irene Curzon, 2nd Baroness Ravensdale|Irene Curzon]].{{sfn|Sachs|1995|pp=[https://archive.org/details/rubinsteinlife00sach/page/188/mode/2up?view=theater 189–90], [https://archive.org/details/rubinsteinlife00sach/page/246/mode/2up?view=theater 246–47].}}

In addition to fathering a daughter (Brazilian pianist [[Luli Oswald]]<ref>See on German Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luli_Oswald, sighted on 12 March 2022.</ref>) with the Italian marchioness Paola Medici del Vascello (née Princess Paola di Viggiano, also: Donna Paola Sanfelice dei Principi di Viggiano), he may have been the father of American decorator and artist [[Muriel Draper]]'s son [[Raimund Sanders Draper|Sanders Draper]], who died in World War II.<ref name="Sachs 1997"/> Luli Oswald was never recognised by her biological parents, hidden from the public and given as a newborn to a friend of Rubinstein's, the Brazilian conductor and composer [[Henrique Oswald]] (1852-1931). The latter's daughter Maria and her husband Odoardo Marchesini raised her and adopted her. The adoptive parents signed an affidavit in 1967 stating that Luli Oswald had been entrusted to them by her biological parents Paola Medici and Arthur Rubinstein because she was the "fruit of a forbidden love."<ref>{{harvnb|Sachs|1995|pp=223-224}}</ref> After the adoption, her name was Margarida Henriqueta Marchesini. Oswald later performed under the stage name Luli Oswald.

Though he and Nela never divorced, in 1977, at age 90, he left her for [[Annabelle Whitestone]], then 33 years old.

===Jewish identity===
An [[agnostic]], Rubinstein was proud of his Jewish heritage.{{sfn|Sachs|1995|p=[https://archive.org/details/rubinsteinlife00sach/page/12/mode/2up?view=theater 13]}} He was a great friend of Israel,<ref name=manyyears/> which he visited several times with his wife and children, giving concerts with the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]], recitals, and master classes at the [[Jerusalem Music Centre]].
In 1949, Rubinstein—who lost family members in [[the Holocaust]]—along with other prominent musicians (including [[Vladimir Horowitz|Horowitz]] and [[Jascha Heifetz|Heifetz]]) announced that he would not appear with the [[Chicago Symphony]] if it engaged the conductor [[Wilhelm Furtwängler]], who had remained in Germany during the war and who had performed a symphony for Hitler's birthday.<ref name="Teachout, Terry 1996"/>

===Polish identity===
{{external media|video1=[https://archive.org/details/BPSuperShowArthurRubinstein Rubinstein performing] in 1964:<br />Chopin's [[Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53]],<br />Debussy's waltz ''[[La plus que lente]]'', L. 121 and Prelude in A-minor,<br />[[Alexander Scriabin]]'s Nocturne for the Left Hand, No. 2 of Op. 9,<br />[[Heitor Villa-Lobos]]'s ''O Polichinelo'',<br />de Falla's ''[[Ritual Fire Dance|Danza Ritual del Fuego]]''}}

Throughout his life, Rubinstein was deeply attached to Poland. At the inauguration of the [[United Nations]] in 1945, Rubinstein showed his Polish patriotism at a concert for the delegates. He began the concert by stating his deep disappointment that the conference did not have a delegation from Poland. Rubinstein later described becoming overwhelmed by a blind fury and angrily pointing out to the public the absence of the Polish flag. He stopped playing the piano, told the audience to stand up, including the Soviets, and played the [[Poland Is Not Yet Lost|Polish national anthem]] loudly and slowly, repeating the final part in a great thunderous ''forte''. When he had finished, the public gave him a great ovation.<ref name="sachs"/><ref>Ulanowska, Elżbieta "''Na cześć Artura Rubinsteina: Pianistyczna gala w Łodzi''" ("In Honor of Artur Rubinstein: Piano Gala in [[Łódź]]"), ''[[Gwiazda Polarna]]'' (''The Pole Star'', a Polish-American biweekly), vol. 99, no. 21 (11 October 2008), p.&nbsp;18.</ref>

=== Charitable contributions ===

Rubinstein was active in supporting charities throughout his life. He performed charity concerts to raise donations for numerous organizations which interested him. In 1961, he performed ten recitals in Carnegie Hall to raise roughly $100,000 for charities including [[Big Brothers Big Sisters of America|Big Brothers]], [[United Jewish Appeal]], [[Polish Assistance]], Musicians Emergency fund, the [[National Association for Mental Health]], and the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People|Legal Defense Fund of the National Advancement of Colored People]].<ref>[[Ross Parmenter|Parmenter, Ross]] (December 11, 1961) "Music: A Grand Finale". ''The New York Times''.</ref>

=== On practice ===
[[File:Artur Rubenstein 1968.JPG|thumb|Rubinstein in 1968]]
In his two autobiographies, Rubinstein is often intensely self-critical. A natural pianist with a big technique, he claimed that he practiced as little as possible, learning new pieces quickly and with insufficient attention to detail, relying on his charm and charisma to conceal the lack of finish in his playing. The literal truth of these self-directed critiques is open to question: Rubinstein wasn't averse to making himself the butt of a good story. Even so, he insisted that his attitude toward practicing changed after his marriage. He stated that he did not want his children to see him as a second-rater, so he began in the summer of 1934 to restudy his entire repertoire. "I buckled down back to work—six hours, eight hours, nine hours a day." he recalled in 1958. "And a strange thing happened. ... I began to discover new meanings, new qualities, new possibilities in music that I have been regularly playing for more than 30 years." In general, however, Rubinstein believed that excessive practice could be dangerous for young pianists. Perhaps recalling his own youthful brush with repetitive-stress syndrome, Rubinstein regularly advised that young pianists should practice no more than three hours a day. "I was born very, very lazy and I don't always practice very long", he said, "but I must say, in my defense, that it is not so good, in a musical way, to overpractice. When you do, the music seems to come out of your pocket. If you play with a feeling of 'Oh, I know this', you play without that little drop of fresh blood that is necessary—and the audience feels it." Of his own practice methods, he said, "At every concert I leave a lot to the moment. I must have the unexpected, the unforeseen. I want to risk, to dare. I want to be surprised by what comes out. I want to enjoy it more than the audience. That way the music can bloom anew. It's like making love. The act is always the same, but each time it's different."<ref name="nytimes.com" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.klre.org/notes/4091-pianist-arthur-rubinstein.html?print |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804090634/http://www.klre.org/notes/4091-pianist-arthur-rubinstein.html?print |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |title=UALR Public Radio – KLRE Classical 90.5 – Pianist Arthur Rubinstein |publisher=Klre.org |access-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref>

=== Pupils ===
{{For LMST|Arthur|Rubinstein}}

Rubinstein was reluctant to teach in his earlier life, refusing to accept [[William Kapell]]'s request for lessons. It was not until the late 1950s that he accepted his first pupil, [[Dubravka Tomšič Srebotnjak]]. Other pupils of Rubinstein include [[François-René Duchâble]], [[Avi Schönfeld]], [[Ann Schein Carlyss]], [[Eugen Indjic]], [[Janina Fialkowska]], [[Dean Kramer]] and Marc Laforêt. Rubinstein also gave master classes towards the end of his life.<ref name=manyyears>{{harvnb|Rubinstein|1980|p={{page needed|date=April 2020}}}}</ref>