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===Species=== Species treated in Denk et al. (2024) and listed in [[Plants of the World Online|Plants of the World Online (POWO)]]:<ref name="Denk-2024" /> {| class="wikitable collapsible" |- ! Image !! Name !Subgenus !Status, systematic affinity!! Distribution !Accepted as species in POWO as of April 2023<ref name="POWO-2022">{{cite web |date=2022-05-07 |title=Fagus L. - Plants of the World Online |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30048723-2 |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Plants of the World Online}}</ref> |- | |''[[Fagus caspica]]'' {{Small|Denk & G.W.Grimm}} – Caspian beech |''Fagus'' |New species described in 2024;<ref name="Denk-2024" /> first-diverging lineage within the Western Eurasian group |[[Talysh Mountains|Talysch]] and [[Alborz|Elburz Mountains]], southeastern [[Azerbaijan]] and northern [[Iran]] |Populations included in ''F. sylvatica'' subsp. ''orientalis'' |- | ||''[[Fagus chienii]]'' {{small|[[Wan Chun Cheng|W.C.Cheng]]}} |''Fagus'' |Possibly conspecific with ''F. lucida''<ref name="Denk-2003" />|| Probably extinct, described from a single location in China (Sichuan). Individuals recently collected at the type locality were morphologically and genetically indistinguishable from ''F. pashanica''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Dan-Qi |last2=Jiang |first2=Lu |last3=Liang |first3=Hua |last4=Zhu |first4=Da-Hai |last5=Fan |first5=Deng-Mei |last6=Kou |first6=Yi-Xuan |last7=Yang |first7=Yi |last8=Zhang |first8=Zhi-Yong |date=2023-09-01 |title=Resolving a nearly 90-year-old enigma: The rare Fagus chienii is conspecific with F. hayatae based on molecular and morphological evidence |journal=Plant Diversity |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=544–551 |doi=10.1016/j.pld.2023.01.003 |issn=2468-2659 |pmc=10625896 |pmid=37936819|bibcode=2023PlDiv..45..544L }}</ref> |Yes |- |[[File:Fagus crenata leave in Mount Mominuka.jpg|120px]]||''[[Fagus crenata]]'' {{small|[[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]}} – Siebold's beech or Japanese beech |''Fagus'' |Widespread species; complex history connecting it to both the Western Eurasian group and the other East Asian species of subgenus ''Fagus''<ref name="Cardoni-2021" />||Japan; in the mountains of [[Kyushu]], [[Shikoku]] and [[Honshu]], down to sea-level in southern [[Hokkaido]]. |Yes |- |[[File:Fagus engleriana - Morris Arboretum - DSC00475.JPG|120px]]||''[[Fagus engleriana]]'' {{small|[[Karl Otto von Seemen|Seemen]] ex Diels}} – Chinese beech |''Englerianae'' |Widespread species; continental sister species of ''F. japonica''<ref name="Denk-2005" /><ref name="Jiang-2022" /><ref name="Cardoni-2021" />||China; south of the [[Yellow River]] |Yes |- |[[File:Fagus grandifolia JPG1Ms.jpg|120px]]||''[[Fagus grandifolia]]'' {{small|[[Ehrh.]]}} – American beech |''Fagus'' |Widespread species; sister species of ''F. mexicana''<ref name="Jiang-2022" /><ref name="Cardoni-2021" />||Eastern North America; from E. Texas and N. Florida, United States, to the [[St. Lawrence River]], Canada at low to mid altitudes |Yes, including Mexican beeches, ''F. mexicana'' |- |[[File:Fagus hayatae 98412.jpg|120px]]||''[[Fagus hayatae]]'' {{small|Palib. ex Hayata}} |''Fagus'' |Narrow [[Endemism|endemic]] species; forming a cryptic sister species pair with ''F. pashanica''<ref name="Cardoni-2021" /><ref name="Denk-2024" />||[[Taiwan]]; restricted to the mountains of northern Taiwan |Yes |- | |''Fagus hohenackeriana'' {{Small|Palib.}} – [[Rudolph Friedrich Hohenacker|Hohenacker]]'s or Caucasian beech |''Fagus'' |Dominant tree species of the Pontic and [[Caucasus]] Mountains; intermediate between ''F. caspica'' and ''F. orientalis.''<ref name="Gömöry-2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Gömöry |first1=Dušan |last2=Paule |first2=Ladislav |date=2010-07-01 |title=Reticulate evolution patterns in western-Eurasian beeches |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00035-010-0068-y |journal=Botanica Helvetica |language=en |volume=120 |issue=1 |pages=63–74 |doi=10.1007/s00035-010-0068-y |bibcode=2010BotHe.120...63G |issn=1420-9063|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Gömöry-2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Gömöry |first1=Dušan |last2=Paule |first2=Ladislav |last3=Mačejovský |first3=Vladimír |date=2018-06-29 |title=Phylogeny of beech in western Eurasia as inferred by approximate Bayesian computation |url=https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/asbp/article/view/asbp.3582 |journal=Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae |language=en |volume=87 |issue=2 |page=3582 |doi=10.5586/asbp.3582 |bibcode=2018AcSBP..87.3582G |issn=2083-9480}}</ref><ref name="Kurz-2023">{{Cite journal |last1=Kurz |first1=Mirjam |last2=Kölz |first2=Adrian |last3=Gorges |first3=Jonas |last4=Pablo Carmona |first4=Beatriz |last5=Brang |first5=Peter |last6=Vitasse |first6=Yann |last7=Kohler |first7=Martin |last8=Rezzonico |first8=Fabio |last9=Smits |first9=Theo H. M. |last10=Bauhus |first10=Jürgen |last11=Rudow |first11=Andreas |last12=Kim Hansen |first12=Ole |last13=Vatanparast |first13=Mohammad |last14=Sevik |first14=Hakan |last15=Zhelev |first15=Petar |date=2023-03-01 |title=Tracing the origin of Oriental beech stands across Western Europe and reporting hybridization with European beech – Implications for assisted gene flow |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112723000348 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=531 |pages=120801 |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120801 |bibcode=2023ForEM.53120801K |issn=0378-1127|hdl=20.500.11850/597076 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Its genetic heterogeneity<ref name="Denk-2024" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sękiewicz |first1=Katarzyna |last2=Danelia |first2=Irina |last3=Farzaliyev |first3=Vahid |last4=Gholizadeh |first4=Hamid |last5=Iszkuło |first5=Grzegorz |last6=Naqinezhad |first6=Alireza |last7=Ramezani |first7=Elias |last8=Thomas |first8=Peter A. |last9=Tomaszewski |first9=Dominik |last10=Walas |first10=Łukasz |last11=Dering |first11=Monika |date=2022 |title=Past climatic refugia and landscape resistance explain spatial genetic structure in Oriental beech in the South Caucasus |journal=Ecology and Evolution |language=en |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=e9320 |doi=10.1002/ece3.9320 |issn=2045-7758 |pmc=9490144 |pmid=36188519|bibcode=2022EcoEv..12E9320S }}</ref> may be indicative for ongoing speciation processes. |Northeastern Anatolia ([[Pontic Mountains]], [[Kaçkar Mountains]]) and Caucasus region ([[Lesser Caucasus|Lesser]] and [[Greater Caucasus]], Georgia, [[Armenia]], [[North Caucasus|Ciscaucasia]]; down to sea-level in southwestern Georgia) |No, populations included in ''F. sylvatica'' subsp. ''orientalis'' |- |[[File:Forest in Tanzawa 08.jpg|120px]]||''[[Fagus japonica]]'' {{small|[[Maxim.]]}} |''Englerianae'' |Widespread species; insular sister species of ''F. engleriana''<ref name="Cardoni-2021" />''<ref name="Denk-2005" /><ref name="Jiang-2022" />''||Japan; Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu from sea-level up to c. 1500 m [[Height above mean sea level|a.s.l.]] |Yes |- | |[[Fagus longipetiolata]] {{Small|Seemen}} |''Fagus'' |[[Sympatry|Sym-]] to [[Parapatry|parapatric]] with ''F. lucida'' and ''F. pashanica'', and sharing alleles with both species in addition to alleles indicating a sister relationship with the Japanese ''F. crenata''.<ref name="Cardoni-2021" /><ref name="Jiang-2022" /> |China, south of the Yellow River, into N. [[Vietnam]]; in montane areas up to 2400 m a.s.l.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fagus longipetiolata in Flora of China @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006255 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> |Replaced by ''F. sinensis'' |- |[[File:Fagus lucida Buk 2020-07-18 01.jpg|120px]]||''[[Fagus lucida]]'' {{small|Rehder & [[E.H.Wilson]]}} |''Fagus'' |Rare species; closest relatives are ''F. crenata''<ref name="Cardoni-2021" /><ref name="Denk-2005" /><ref name="Denk-2003" /> and ''F. longipetiolata''<ref name="Cardoni-2021" /><ref name="Jiang-2022" />||China; south of the Yellow River in montane areas between 800 and 2000 m a.s.l.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fagus lucida in Flora of China @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006256 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> |Yes |- | |''Fagus mexicana'' {{Small|Martínez}} |''Fagus'' |Narrow endemic sister species of ''F. grandifolia. F. mexicana'' differs from ''F. grandifolia'' by its slender leaves and less-evolved but more polymorphic set of alleles (higher level of [[Zygosity|heterozygosity]])<ref name="Cardoni-2021" /><ref name="Jiang-2022" /> |[[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]], Mexico; at 1400–2000 m a.s.l. as an element of the subtropical montane mesophilic forest"([https://www.gob.mx/conabio/prensa/bosques-mesofilos-de-montana-de-mexico?idiom=es bosque mesófilo de montaña]) superimposing the tropical lowland rainforests. |No, populations included in ''F. grandifolia'' |- | ||''[[Fagus multinervis]]'' {{small|Nakai}} |''Englerianae'' |Narrow endemic species, first diverging lineage within subgenus ''Englerianae''<ref name="Cardoni-2021" /><ref name="Jiang-2022" />|| South Korea ([[Ulleungdo]]) |Yes |- |[[File:Fagus orientalis near Fioletovo village, Armenia S-N 04.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Fagus orientalis]]'' {{small|[[Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky|Lipsky]]}} – Oriental beech (in a narrow sense) |''Fagus'' |Sister species of ''F. sylvatica''<ref name="Gömöry-2018" /><ref name="Kurz-2023" />||Southeastern Europe (SE [[Bulgaria]], NE [[Greece]], [[East Thrace|European Turkey]]) and adjacent northwestern Asia (NW and N [[Anatolia]]) |No, treated as subspecies of ''F. sylvatica'' |- | ||''[[Fagus pashanica]]'' {{small|C.C.Yang}} |''Fagus'' |Continental sister species of ''F. hayatae'', with a set of alleles that puts it closer to ''F. longipetiolata'' and ''F. crenata'' than its insular sister.|| China (Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang), at 1300–2300 m a.s.l.(eFlora of China, as ''F. hayatae''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fagus hayatae in Flora of China @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006254 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=www.efloras.org}}</ref>) |Yes |- | ||''[[Fagus sinensis]]'' {{small|Oliv.}} |''Fagus'' |Invalid; the original material included material from two much different species: ''F. engleriana'' and ''F. longipetiolata''<ref name="Denk-2024" /><ref name="Denk-2003" />|| China (Hubei), Vietnam |Yes, erroneously used as older synonym of ''F. longipetiolata'' |- |[[File:Fagus sylvatica 019.jpg|120px]] ||''[[Fagus sylvatica]]'' {{small|[[L.]]}} – European beech |''Fagus'' |Sister species of and closely related to ''F. orientalis''<ref name="Gömöry-2018" /><ref name="Kurz-2023" />|| Europe |Yes |- |}
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