Editing Benue–Congo languages (section)

==Comparative vocabulary==
Sample basic vocabulary for reconstructed [[proto-language]]s of different Benue-Congo branches:

{| class="wikitable sortable" | style="font-size: 85%;" | 
! Branch !! Language !! eye !! ear !! nose !! tooth !! tongue !! mouth !! blood !! bone !! tree !! water !! eat !! name
|-
| Benue-Congo || Proto-[[Benue-Congo languages|Benue-Congo]]<ref>de wolf, Paul. 1971. ''[https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/3021 The Noun-Class System of Proto-Benue-Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111163831/https://www.degruyter.com/ |date=2023-11-11 }}''. Janua Linguarum. Series Practica 167. The Hague: Mouton.</ref> || *-lito || *-tuŋi || *-zua || *-nini, *-nino; *-sana; *-gaŋgo || *-lemi; *-lake ||  || *-zi; *-luŋ || *-kupe || *-titi; *-kwon || *-izi; *-ni ||  || *-zina
|-
| Kainji || Proto-[[East Kainji languages|Northern Jos]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Shimizu |first=Kiyoshi |year=1982 |title=Die Nord-Jos-Grüppe der Plateau-Sprachen Nigerias |language=de |journal=Afrika und Übersee |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=161–210 |issn=0002-0427 }}</ref> || **iji (lì-/à-) || *toŋ (ù-/tì-) || *nyimu (bì-/ì-) || *ʔini (lì-/à-) || *lelem (lì-/à-) || *nua (ù-/tì-) || *nyì(aw) (mà-) ||  || *ti (with reduplication) (ù-/tì-) || *nyi (mà-) || *lia || *ji(a) (lì-/sì-)
|-
| Plateau || Proto-[[Jukunoid languages|Jukunoid]]<ref>Shimizu, Kiyoshi. 1980. ''Comparative Jukunoid'', 3 vols. (Veröffentlichungen der Institute für Afrikanistik und Ägyptologie der Universität Wien 7–9. Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5–7). Vienna: Afro-Pub.</ref> || *giP (ri-/a-) || *tóŋ (ku-/a-) || *wíǹ (ri-/a-) || *baŋ (ku-/a-); *gyín (ri-/a-) || *déma (ri-/a-) || *ndut (u-/i-) || *yíŋ (ma-) || *kup (ku-/a-) || *kun (ku-/i-) || *mbyed || *dyi || *gyin (ri-/a-)
|-
| Plateau || Proto-[[Kagoro language (Nigeria)|Kagoro]]<ref name="Gerhardt1983">{{cite book |last=Gerhardt |first=Ludwig |year=1983 |title=Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sprachen des Nigerianischen Plateaus |language=de |series=Afrikanistische Forschungen |volume=9 |location=Glückstadt |publisher=J. J. Augustin |isbn=3-87030-062-0 }}</ref> || *-gi || *-two ||  || *nii[ŋ] || *-dyam || *-nu[ŋ] || *-suok || *-kup || *-kwan || *-sii ||  || 
|-
| Plateau || Proto-[[Jaba language|Jaba]]<ref name="Gerhardt1983"/> || *gu-su || *gu-to[ŋ] ||  || *-gi[ŋ] || *ga-lem || *ga-nyu || *ba-zi || *gu-kup ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| Plateau || Proto-[[Beromic languages|Beromic]]<ref name="Gerhardt1983"/> || *-gis || *-toŋ ||  || *-ɣiŋ || *-lyam || *-nu || *nì-ji || *-kup || *-kon || *-sii ||  || 
|-
| Plateau || Proto-[[Ninzic languages|Ninzic]]<ref name="Gerhardt1983"/> || *ki-sị́ || *ku-tóŋ ||  || *ki-Nyin / *-Nyir || *ì-rem || *-nuŋ / *-n[y]uŋ || *ma-ɣì || *kù-kụp || *ù-kon || *a-ma-sit ||  || 
|-
| Cross || Proto-[[Upper Cross languages|Upper Cross]]<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Dimmendaal |first=Gerrit J. |year=1978 |type=PhD |title=The Consonants of Proto-Upper Cross and their Implications for the Classification of the Upper Cross Languages |publisher=Leiden University |oclc=37049861 }}</ref> || *dyèná || *-ttóŋ(ì) || *dyòná || *-ttân || *-dák || *-mà || *-dè; *-yìŋ || *-kúpà || *-tté || *-nì || *dyá || *-dínà
|-
| Cross || Proto-[[Lower Cross languages|Lower Cross]]<ref>Connell, Bruce. n.d. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Cross%20River/Lower%20Cross/Lower%20Cross%20wordlists%20Unicode.pdf Comparative Lower Cross wordlist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000524/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Cross%20River/Lower%20Cross/Lower%20Cross%20wordlists%20Unicode.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}''. Unpublished manuscript.</ref> || *ɛ́-ɲɛ̀n / *a- || *ú-tɔ́ŋ / *a- || *í-búkó || *é-dɛ̀t / *a- || *ɛ́-lɛ́mɛ̀ / *a- || *í-núà || *-ɟìːp || *ɔ́-kpɔ́ || *é-tíé || *ˊ-mɔ́ːŋ || *líá || *ɛ́-ɟɛ́n
|-
| Cross || Proto-[[Ogoni languages|Ogoni]]<ref>Blench, Roger and Kay Williamson. 2008. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Cross%20River/Ogoni/Comparative%20Ogonic%20RMB.pdf The Ogoni languages: comparative word list and historical reconstructions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805211059/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Cross%20River/Ogoni/Comparative%20Ogonic%20RMB.pdf |date=2020-08-05 }}''.</ref> || *adɛ́ɛ̃ || *ɔ̀tɔ́̃ || *m̀ bĩɔ́̃ || *àdáNa || *àdídɛ́Nɛ́ ||  || *m̀ miNi, *m̀ muNu || *ákpogó || *èté || m̀ mṹṹ || *dè || *àbée
|-
| Grassfields || Proto-[[Grassfields languages|Grassfields]]<ref>Hyman, L.M. 1979. ''[http://comparalex.org/index.php?page=query&w1=133 Index of Proto-Grassfields Bantu roots] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904092801/http://comparalex.org/index.php%3Fpage%3Dquery%26w1%3D133 |date=2019-09-04 }}''. Ms. U.S.C.; [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Data/LangInfoFiles/PGrassfields.H.info.html CBOLD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915194614/http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Data/LangInfoFiles/PGrassfields.H.info.html |date=2011-09-15 }}; accessed from ''[http://comparalex.org/ Comparalex] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815041750/http://comparalex.org/ |date=2020-08-15 }}''.</ref> || *Ít` || *túŋ-li || *L(u)Í` || *sòŋ´ || *lím` || *cùl` || *lém`; *cÌ´ || *gÚp; *kúi(n)´ || *tí´ || *LÍb; *kÌ´; *mò´ || *lÍa || *lÍn`; *kúm
|-
| Grassfields || Proto-[[Ring languages|Ring]]<ref>Paulin, Pascale. 1995. ''Etude comparative des langues du groupe Ring: langues Grassfields de l'ouest, Cameroun''. MA thesis, [[Université Lumière Lyon 2]].</ref> || *túɛ̀ || *túndé || *dúì, *tɔ́ŋ || *túŋɔ̀, *góìk || *dɔ́mì, *dídè || *dúɔ̀ || *dúŋá, *káŋù || *gúpɛ́ || *kák`, *tíɛ́ || *múɔ̀ || *dúɛ̀ || *dítɔ́, *gíd'
|-
| Bantu || Proto-[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]<ref>[[Thilo C. Schadeberg|Schadeberg, Thilo C.]] 2003. Historical linguistics. In Derek Nurse and Gérard Philippson (eds.), ''The Bantu languages''. (Routledge language family series 4. New York: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-0-700-71134-5}}</ref> || *i=jíco || *kʊ=tʊ́i || *i=jʊ́lʊ || *i=jíno; *i=gego || *lʊ=lɪ́mi || *ka=nʊa; *mʊ=lomo || *ma=gilá; *=gil-a; *ma=gadí; *=gadí; *mʊ=lopa; *ma=ɲínga || *i=kúpa || *mʊ=tɪ́ || *ma=jíjɪ; *i=diba (HH?) || *=lɪ́ -a || *i=jína
|-
| Bantu || [[Swahili language|Swahili]] || jicho || sikio || pua || jino || ulimi || kinywa || damu (Ar.) || mfupa || mti || maji || la || jina
|}