Editing Berkeley Castle (section)

==Later history==
[[File:Berkley Castle by Jan Kip 1712.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Jan Kip]]'s aerial view of Berkeley Castle engraved for the antiquary [[Robert Atkyns (topographer)|Sir Robert Atkyns]]' ''The Ancient and Present State of Glostershire'', 1712]]
In 1384 [[Katherine, Lady Berkeley|Katharine, Lady Berkeley]], founded [[Katharine Lady Berkeley's School]];<ref name=founder>{{Cite ODNB|title=Berkeley [née Clivedon], Katherine, Lady Berkeley (d. 1385), benefactor|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-54435|access-date=2021-03-25| date=2004 |language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/54435| isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 }}</ref> such colleges were unusual in medieval times and Lady Berkeley was one of the first in England to found a small fully endowed school.<ref name=founder/>

In the 14th century, the Great Hall was given a new roof and it is here the last [[Jester|court jester]] in England, Dickie Pearce, died after falling from the [[minstrels' gallery]]. His tomb is in St Mary's churchyard, adjacent to the castle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cotswolds.info/strange-things/last-court-jester.shtml |title=The Last Court Jester |publisher=Cotswolds |access-date=29 July 2018 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729200603/https://www.cotswolds.info/strange-things/last-court-jester.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Adjoining the Great Hall was the Chapel of St Mary (now the Morning Room) with its painted wooden [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]] [[ceiling]]s and a [[biblical]] [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|passage]], written in [[Norman French]].<ref name=tour>{{cite web |url=http://www.berkeley-castle.com/m/tour.html |title=Tour |publisher=Berkeley Castle |access-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729200750/http://www.berkeley-castle.com/m/tour.html |archive-date=29 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A dispute about the ownership of Berkeley Castle between [[Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle]], and [[William Berkeley, 1st Marquess of Berkeley|William Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley]], led to the [[Battle of Nibley Green]].<ref name=cooke>{{cite book|last1=Cooke|first1=Robert|title=West Country Houses|date=1957|publisher=Batsford|pages=15–19}}</ref>

[[Henry VIII]] and [[Anne Boleyn]] visited Berkeley in August 1535, after staying at Gloucester.<ref>''Historical Manuscripts Commission, 12th Report, Appendix 9: Gloucester'' (London, 1891), p. 444.</ref> In the late 16th century Queen [[Elizabeth I]] visited the castle and played bowls on its [[bowling green]].<ref name=garden>{{cite web |url=http://www.berkeley-castle.com/gardens.html |title=Gardens |publisher=Berkeley Castle |access-date=29 July 2018 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729201654/http://www.berkeley-castle.com/gardens.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[First English Civil War]], the castle was held by a [[Cavalier|Royalist]] [[garrison]] and was captured in 1645 by a [[Roundheads|Parliamentarian]] [[New Model Army|force]] under Colonel [[Thomas Rainsborough]]; after a short siege that saw cannon being fired at point-blank range from the adjacent church roof of Saint Mary the Virgin, the garrison surrendered.<ref name=greenwood/> As was usual the walls were left breached after this siege, but the Berkeley family were allowed to retain ownership on condition that they never repair the damage to the Keep and Outer Bailey; this is still enforced today by the [[Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom|Act of Parliament]] drawn up at the time. According to the [[Pevsner Architectural Guides]] the breach is partially filled by a subsequent 'modern' rebuild, but this only amounts to a low garden wall, to stop people falling 28 feet from the Keep Garden, the original Castle's "motte".<ref name="PevsnerG2">{{cite book |last1=Verey |first1=David |last2=Brooks |first2=Alan |title=Gloucestershire 2: The Vale and The Forest of Dean |orig-year=1977 |edition=3rd revised|year=2002 |publisher=Pevsner Architectural Guides |series=The Buildings of England |isbn=978-0-300-09733-7 }}</ref>

[[File:Berkeley Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1440411.jpg|thumb|210px|left|Berkeley Castle's terrace now turfed and planted as a wall garden]]
In the early 18th century the [[Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley|4th Earl of Berkeley]] planted a [[pine]] that was reputed to have been grown from a cutting taken from a tree at the [[Battle of Culloden]].<ref name=garden/> Between 1748 and 1753 the church tower of St Mary's, Berkeley, was demolished and rebuilt beside the church so that it would not impede the clear line of fire from the castle.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Development of the Present Church Building |url=http://www.stmarys-berkeley.co.uk/development.html |publisher=St Mary's, Berkeley |access-date=6 September 2020 |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222114251/http://www.stmarys-berkeley.co.uk/development.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=cooke/> In the early 20th century the [[Randal Thomas Mowbray Berkeley, 8th Earl of Berkeley|8th Earl of Berkeley]] repaired and remodelled parts of the castle and added a new porch in the same [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style as the rest of the building.<ref name=tour/>

[[File:Berkeley Castle lithotint.jpg|thumb|275px|The courtyard of Berkeley Castle in the 1840s]]
A restoration appeal was launched in 2006 to raise £5.5 million needed to renovate and restore the Norman building.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.berkeley-castle.com/donate.html |title=Donate |publisher=Berkeley Castle |access-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208035244/http://www.berkeley-castle.com/donate.html |archive-date=8 February 2012 }}</ref> The castle is the third-oldest continuously occupied castle in [[England]], after the royal fortresses of the [[Tower of London]] and [[Windsor Castle]], and the oldest to be continuously family-owned and occupied. It contains an antique four-poster bed that has been identified as the piece of furniture remaining longest in continuous use in the Great Britain by the same family.<ref>Ben Rankin, [https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/bed-dates-back-medieval-times-1746410 "Bed that dates back to medieval times is oldest still in use in Britain"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906132122/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/britains-oldest-bed-berkeley-castle-1746410 |date=6 September 2020 }}, ''[[Daily Mirror]]'', 6 March 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.</ref>

The Berkeley Castle Charitable Trust received a grant from the Cotswolds LEADER Programme in 2022; the funds were used to help renovate the Education Room.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cotswoldsaonb.org.uk/looking-after/cotswolds-leader/funded-projects/|title=Cotswolds LEADER Funded Projects|publisher=Cotswolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty|access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>