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Beta Israel
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===Texts=== {{Transliteration|gez|Mäṣḥafä Kedus}} (lit. "Holy Scriptures") is the name for the religious literature of the Beta Israel. These texts are written in [[Geʽez]], which is also the liturgical language of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Church]]. The holiest book is the Octateuch, known as the [[Orit]] among Ethiopian Jews: the [[Torah|Five Books of Moses]] plus [[Book of Joshua|Joshua]], [[Book of Judges|Judges]] and [[Book of Ruth|Ruth]]. The Beta Israel scriptures also include the [[Book of Lamentations]] and [[Book of Jeremiah]], which are also found in the [[Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} [[Deuterocanonical books]] that also makeup part of the Beta Israel canon are the [[Sirach|Book of Sirach]], [[Book of Judith]], [[1 Esdras|Esdras 1]] and [[2 Esdras|2]], the [[Meqabyan|Books of Meqabyan]], [[Jubilees|Book of Jubilees]], [[Book of Baruch]] (including [[4 Baruch]]), [[Book of Tobit]], [[Book of Enoch]], and the [[Testament of Abraham|Testaments of Abraham]], [[Testament of Isaac|Isaac]], and [[Testament of Jacob|Jacob]]. Many of these books differ substantially from the similarly numbered and named texts in [[Koine Greek]] and Hebrew (such as the [[Books of the Maccabees|Book of Maccabees]]), though some of the Ge'ez works are dependent on those texts. Others appear to have different ancient literary and oral origins. Ethiopian Orthodox Christians also use many texts used by the Beta Israel but other rabbinic Jewish groups but not other Christian groups.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} Essential non-Biblical writings include the ''Mota Aron'' ("Death of Aaron"), ''Mota Musé'' ("Death of Moses"), ''Nagara Muse'' ("The Conversation of Moses"), ''Təʾəzazä Sänbät'' ("Commandments of the Sabbath"), ''Arde'et'' ("Disciples"), ''Gorgoryos'' ("Apocalypse of Gorgorios"), [[Ethiopic Apocalypse of Ezra|''Ezra'' ("Apocalypse of Ezra")]], ''Barok'' ("Apocalypse of Baruch"), ''Mäṣḥafä Sa'atat'' ("Book of Hours"), ''Fālasfā'' ("Philosophers"), ''Abba Elias'' ("Father Elijah"), ''Mäṣḥafä Mäla'əkt'' ("Book of Angels"), ''Dərsanä Abrəham Wäsara Bägabs'' ("Homily on Abraham and Sarah in Egypt"), ''Gadla Sosna'' ("The Story of Susanna"), and ''Baqadāmi Gabra Egzi'abḥēr'' ("In the Beginning God Created").<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kaplan|first=Steven|date=1999|title=The Literature of the Beta Israel (Falasha): A Survey of a Biblical-Hebraic Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/Christian-Orient/1-7%2C-1999/page/98/mode/2up|journal=Xristianskij Vostok|volume=1|issue=7|pages=99–123}}</ref>
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