Editing Bey (section)

==Beys elsewhere==

{{anchor|Bey in Arab regions}}
The title ''bey'' ({{langx|ar|بيه}} {{IPA|arz|beː}}) was also called {{transliteration|ar|beyk}} or ''bek'' ({{lang|ar|بيك}}) – from Turkish {{transliteration|ota|beyg}} ({{lang|ota|بيـگ}}) – in North Africa, including Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last=Marcel |first=Jean Joseph |title=Vocabulaire français-arabe des dialectes vulgaires africains: d'Alger, de Tunis, de Marok, et d'Égypte |date=1837 |publisher=C. Hingray |page=90 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj8PAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA90 |language=fr |quote= {{lang|ar|بيك}} beyk, bey.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jomard |first=Edme-François |title=Description de l'Egypte |date=1826 |publisher=C. L. F. Panckoucke |page=475 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egr1I-6j81YC&pg=PA475 |language=fr |quote=Le mot ''sangiaq'' est un nom de dignité, synonyme de celui de ''bey'' (''beyk'' {{lang|ar|بيك}}, ou, suivant l’orthographe de la prononciation turques, ''beyg'' {{lang|ota|بيـگ}}).}} Summary: [[sanjaq-bey]] ≈ bey = beyk = beyg.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Journal asiatique |date=1854 |page=484 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N78-DTow-8sC&pg=PA484 |language=fr |quote=Le titre de ''beg'' {{lang|ota|بيـگ}} (prononcé ''bey'') ou bek {{lang|ar|بيى}}, qui, en Barbie est écrit et prononcé ''bâï'' {{lang|ar|بك}} est proprement un mot turc.}}</ref>
A bey could maintain a similar office within Arab states that broke away from the [[High Porte]], such as [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]] under the [[Muhammad Ali Dynasty]], where it was a rank below [[pasha]] (maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a pasha's son.

Even much earlier, the virtual sovereign's title in Barbaresque North African 'regency' states was "Bey" (compare [[Dey]]). Notably in [[Tunis]],<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=Private Drawing Room, I, Kasr-el-Said, Tunisia|year=1899|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2502|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|access-date=2 March 2013}}</ref> the [[Husainid Dynasty]] used a whole series of title and styles including Bey:

* Just '''Bey''' itself was part of the territorial title of the ruler, and also as a title used by all male members of the family (rather like Sultan in the Ottoman dynasty).
* '''Bey al-Kursi''' "Bey of the Throne", a term equivalent to reigning prince.
* '''Bey al-Mahalla''' "Bey of the Camp", title used for the next most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey, the Heir Apparent to the throne.
* '''Bey al-Taula''' "Bey of the Table", the title of the Heir Presumptive, the eldest prince of the Beylical family, who enjoyed precedence immediately after the Bey al-Mahalla.
* '''[[Beylerbey]]i''' (or Beglerbegi) "Lord of Lords", was the administrative rank formally enjoyed by the ruler of Algiers and by rulers of parts of the Balkans in their official capacity of Ottoman Governor-General within the Turkish empire.This title was also used in Safavid empire.

'''Bey''' was also the title that was awarded by the Ottoman Sultan in the twilight of the Ottoman Empire to [[Oloye]] [[Mohammed Shitta Bey|Mohammed Shitta]], an African merchant prince of the [[Yoruba people]] who served as a senior leader of the Muslim community in the kingdom of [[Lagos]]. Subsequently, he and his children became known in [[Nigeria]] by the [[double-barrelled surname]] '''Shitta-Bey''', a tradition which has survived to the present day through their lineal descendants.

In the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period, the lords of the semi-autonomous [[Mani Peninsula]] used the title of ''beis'' (μπέης); for example, [[Petros Mavromichalis]] was known as ''Petrobey''.

Other Beys saw their own ''Beylik'' promoted to statehood, e.g.:

* in [[Qusantina]] (Constantine in French), an Ottoman district subject to the [[Algiers regency]] since 1525 (had its own Beys since 1567), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif (b. {{Circa|1784}}, in office 1826–1848, d. 1850), was maintained when in 1826 the local [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]] population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into [[Algeria]] in 1848.

Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as ''Bäk'' in the [[Tatars|Tatar]] [[Khanate of Kazan]], in charge of a Beylik called ''Bäklek''. The [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] [[Khanate of Khiva]], [[Emirate of Bukhara]] and The [[Khanate of Kokand]] used the "beks" as local administrations of "bekliks" or provinces. The [[Balkar]] princes in the [[North Caucasus]] highlands were known as ''taubiy'' (taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief".

Sometimes a Bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of the three ''zuzes'' under the [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the Kazakhs.

The variation ''Beg'', ''Baig'' or ''Bai'', is still used as a family name or a part of a name in South and Central Asia as well as the [[Balkans]]. In [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]-influenced names, it can be seen in conjunction with the Slavic ''-ov/-ović/ev'' suffixes meaning "son of", such as in [[Bakir Izetbegović|Bakir]] and [[Alija Izetbegović]], and [[Abai Qunanbaiuli|Abai Kunanbaev]].

The title is also used as an honorific by members of the [[Moorish Science Temple of America]] and the [[Moorish Orthodox Church]].

'Bey' is also used colloquially in [[Urdu]]-speaking parts of [[India]], and its usage is similar to "chap" or "man". When used aggressively, it is an offensive term.

The [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] word 'bő' originates from an Old Turkic loanword, cognate with Ottoman 'bey', that used to mean 'clan leader' in Old Hungarian. Later, as an adjective, it acquired the meaning of "rich". Its contemporary meaning is "ample" or "baggy" (when referring to clothing).
<ref>{{cite book |last=Tótfalusi |first=István |title=Magyar Etimológiai Szótár |year=2005 |publisher=Arcanum |location=Budapest |chapter=bő |url=https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-magyar-etimologiai-szotar-F14D3/b-F1794/bo-F1993/?list=eyJmaWx0ZXJzIjogeyJNVSI6IFsiTkZPX0xFWF9MZXhpa29ub2tfRjE0RDMiXX0sICJxdWVyeSI6ICJiXHUwMTUxIn0 |access-date=July 2, 2024}}</ref>