Editing Binary number (section)

===China===
[[File:Bagua-name-earlier.svg|thumb|160px|Daoist Bagua]]
The ''[[I Ching]]'' dates from the 9th century BC in China.<ref name="HackerMoore2002">{{cite book|author1=Edward Hacker|author2=Steve Moore|author3=Lorraine Patsco|title=I Ching: An Annotated Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5hLpfFiMCQC&pg=PR13|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-93969-0|page=13}}</ref> The binary notation in the ''I Ching'' is used to interpret its [[quaternary numeral system|quaternary]] [[I Ching divination|divination]] technique.<ref name=redmond-hon/>

It is based on taoistic duality of [[yin and yang]].<ref name="scientific">{{cite book|author1=Jonathan Shectman|title=Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the 18th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsbChdIiflsC&pg=PA29|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=978-0-313-32015-6|page=29}}</ref> [[Ba gua|Eight trigrams (Bagua)]] and a set of [[Hexagram (I Ching)|64 hexagrams ("sixty-four" gua)]], analogous to the three-bit and six-bit binary numerals, were in use at least as early as the [[Zhou dynasty]] of ancient China.<ref name="HackerMoore2002"/>

The [[Song dynasty]] scholar [[Shao Yong]] (1011–1077) rearranged the hexagrams in a format that resembles modern binary numbers, although he did not intend his arrangement to be used mathematically.<ref name=redmond-hon>{{cite book|last1=Redmond|first1=Geoffrey|last2=Hon|first2=Tze-Ki|title=Teaching the I Ching|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-976681-9|page=227}}</ref> Viewing the [[least significant bit]] on top of single hexagrams in Shao Yong's square<ref name="Marshall">
{{cite web
|url= http://www.biroco.com/yijing/sequence.htm
|title= Yijing hexagram sequences: The Shao Yong square (Fuxi sequence)
|last= Marshall
|first= Steve
|date=
|website=
|publisher=
|access-date=2022-09-15
|quote="You could say [the Fuxi binary sequence] is a more sensible way of rendering hexagram as binary numbers ... The reasoning, if any, that informs [the King Wen] sequence is unknown."
}}
</ref>
and reading along rows either from bottom right to top left with solid lines as 0 and broken lines as 1 or from top left to bottom right with solid lines as 1 and broken lines as 0 hexagrams can be interpreted as sequence from 0 to 63.
<ref name="Shao Yong’s ”Xiantian Tu'‘">{{cite book|last1=Zhonglian|first1=Shi|last2=Wenzhao|first2=Li|last3=Poser|first3=Hans|title=Leibniz' Binary System and Shao Yong's "Xiantian Tu" in :Das Neueste über China: G.W. Leibnizens Novissima Sinica von 1697 : Internationales Symposium, Berlin 4. bis 7. Oktober 1997|date=2000|
publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|location=Stuttgart|isbn=3515074481|pages=165–170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DkIpP2SsGlIC&pg=PA165|ref=ID3515074481}}</ref>