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Biomimetics
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=== Locomotion === {{multiple image | total_width = 400 | caption_align = center | image1 = Shinkansen 500 Kyoto 2005-04-05.jpg | alt1 = | image2 = Malachite Kingfisher, Alcedo cristata at Marievale Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (8688965285).jpg | alt2 = | footer = The streamlined design of Shinkansen 500 Series (left) mimics the beak of a [[Kingfisher]] bird (right) to improve aerodynamics. }} [[Aircraft wing]] design<ref name="The Engineer">{{cite web | url=https://www.theengineer.co.uk/the-evolution-of-the-aircraft-wing/ | title=The evolution of the aircraft wing | date=31 March 2017 | access-date=10 December 2018 | author= The Engineer}}</ref> and flight techniques<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24951-drone-with-legs-can-perch-watch-and-walk-like-a-bird.html#.U0lxhuZdWcI|title=Drone with legs can perch, watch and walk like a bird|date=27 January 2014|work=Tech|publisher=New Scientist|access-date=17 July 2014}}</ref> are being inspired by birds and bats. The [[aerodynamics]] of streamlined design of improved Japanese high speed train [[Shinkansen]] [[500 Series Shinkansen|500 Series]] were modelled after the beak of [[Kingfisher]] bird.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/science-environment-47673287/how-a-kingfisher-helped-reshape-japan-s-bullet-train |title=How a kingfisher helped reshape Japan's bullet train |date=26 March 2019|work=BBC|access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref> [[Biorobotics|Biorobots]] based on the physiology and methods of [[animal locomotion|locomotion of animals]] include [[BionicKangaroo]] which moves like a kangaroo, saving energy from one jump and transferring it to its next jump;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/festo-newest-robot-is-a-hopping-bionic-kangaroo|title=''Festo's Newest Robot Is a Hopping Bionic Kangaroo''|last1=Ackerman|first1=Evan|date=2 Apr 2014|website=[[IEEE]]|publisher=[[IEEE Spectrum]]|access-date=17 Apr 2014}}</ref> [[Dash Robotics, Inc|Kamigami Robots]], a children's toy, mimic cockroach locomotion to run quickly and efficiently over indoor and outdoor surfaces,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cra.org/robotics-highlight-kamigami-cockroach-inspired-robotics/|title=Robotics Highlight: Kamigami Cockroach Inspired Robotics|date=2016-07-18|work=CRA|access-date=2017-05-16}}</ref> and Pleobot, a shrimp-inspired robot to study metachronal swimming and the ecological impacts of this propulsive gait on the environment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Oliveira Santos |first1=Sara |last2=Tack |first2=Nils |last3=Su |first3=Yunxing |last4=Cuenca-Jimenez |first4=Francisco |last5=Morales-Lopez |first5=Oscar |last6=Gomez-Valdez |first6=P. Antonio |last7=M Wilhelmus |first7=Monica |title=Pleobot: a modular robotic solution for metachronal swimming |journal=Scientific Reports |date=June 13, 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=9574 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-36185-2 |pmid=37311777 |pmc=10264458 |arxiv=2303.00805 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.9574O |s2cid=257280019 }}</ref>
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