Editing Biopsychosocial model (section)

== Biopsychosocial model vs. Biomedical model ==
The biopsychosocial and biomedical models offer distinct perspectives on understanding and addressing health and illness.

===Biomedical model===
The [[biomedical model]], which was historically prevalent, takes a reductionist approach by focusing on biological factors and treating diseases through medical interventions.<ref name=":4" /> It sees diseases as isolated physical abnormalities.

While this approach was once deemed sufficient, research within psychology and the social sciences cast doubt on its effectiveness.<ref name=":3">{{cite web | title=Introducing the Biopsychosocial Model for good medicine and good doctors | website=The BMJ | date=2024-08-05 | url=https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/29/introducing-biopsychosocial-model-good-medicine-and-good-doctors | access-date=2024-08-06}}</ref>

===Biopsychosocial model===
The biopsychosocial model adopts a holistic viewpoint, acknowledging the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in shaping health and illness.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Kusnanto |first1=Hari |last2=Agustian |first2=Dwi |last3=Hilmanto |first3=Dany |date=May 2018 |title=Biopsychosocial model of illnesses in primary care: A hermeneutic literature review |journal=Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=497–500 |doi=10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_145_17 |pmid=30112296 |pmc=6069638 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It sees diseases as outcomes of dynamic interactions among various dimensions. The model emphasizes the interconnectedness of these dimensions, recognizing their mutual influence on an individual's health.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Newman |first1=Marc C. |last2=Lawless |first2=John J. |last3=Gelo |first3=Florence |last4=Dmin |first4=Null |date=2007-05-01 |title=Family-Oriented Patient Care |url=https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0501/p1306.html |journal=American Family Physician |language=en-US |volume=75 |issue=9 |pages=1306–1310|pmid=17508523 }}</ref>

The BPSM has been extended to consider additional holistic elements influencing the perceived necessity for healthcare and the focus on health-related matters: Information, Beliefs, and Conduct. Based on the model's dependence on perception, it has been considered imperative to actively engage the individuals or communities whose requirements are being addressed,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=King |first1=Denae W. |last2=Hurd |first2=Thelma C. |last3=Hajek |first3=Richard A. |last4=Jones |first4=Lovell A. |date=2009 |title=Using a Biopsychosocial Approach to Address Health Disparities—One Person's Vision |journal=Journal of Cancer Education |volume=24 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S26–S32 |doi=10.1080/08858190903412091 |issn=0885-8195 |pmc=2883460 |pmid=20024822}}</ref> regardless of whether the focus is on their health, education, employment, housing, or any other needs. A key term in the biopsychosocial model is "syndemic" which refers to a set of health problem factors that interact synergistically with each other ranging from socioeconomic status to genetics.<ref name=":2" />

Treatment under the biopsychosocial model is comprehensive, involving medical, psychological, and social interventions to address overall well-being.<ref name=":5" />