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Black Prince's Ruby
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===Don Pedro of Seville=== According to tradition, the history of the Black Prince's Ruby dates back to the middle of the 14th century as the possession of Abū Sa'īd, the [[Arab]] Muslim Prince of the [[Emirate of Granada]]. At that time, the rule of Castile was being centralized to [[Seville]] and the Moorish Emirate of Granada was being systematically attacked and reverted to Castilian rule as a part of the [[Reconquista|Christian Reconquest]] of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. Abū Sa'īd in particular was confronted by the belligerency of nascent Castile under the rule of [[Peter of Castile]], also known to history as either Don Pedro the Cruel, or Don Pedro the Just. According to historical accounts, Abū Sa'īd wished to surrender to Don Pedro, but the conditions he offered were unclear. What is clear is that Don Pedro welcomed his coming to Seville. It is recorded that he greatly desired Abū Sa'īd's wealth. When Abū Sa'īd met with Don Pedro, the King had Abū Sa'īd's servants killed and may have personally stabbed Sa'īd to death himself. When Sa'īd's corpse was searched, the spinel was found and added to Don Pedro's possessions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spinel History and Lore|url=https://www.gia.edu/spinel-history-lore|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-18|website=[[Gemological Institute of America]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802170713/http://www.gia.edu/spinel-history-lore|archive-date=2013-08-02}}</ref> In 1366, Don Pedro's illegitimate brother, [[Henry II of Castile|Henry of Trastámara]], led a revolt against Don Pedro. Lacking the power to put down the revolt unaided, Don Pedro made an alliance with the [[Edward, the Black Prince|Black Prince]], the son of [[Edward III of England]]. The Black Prince took part in the [[Battle of Nájera]], and apparently demanded the ruby in exchange for the services he had rendered. He later returned to England with King Pedro's two daughters, [[Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster|Dona Constanza of Castile]] and [[Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York|Dona Isabel of Castile]], and marriages were contracted for them to the Prince's brothers. It is assumed that the Black Prince took the Ruby back to England at that time, although it disappears from historical records until 1415, when worn by [[Henry V of England]].<ref>[https://www.rct.uk/collection/31701/the-imperial-state-crown Royal Collection Trust]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Spinel History and Lore|url=https://www.gia.edu/spinel-history-lore|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-18|website=[[Gemological Institute of America]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802170713/http://www.gia.edu/spinel-history-lore|archive-date=2013-08-02}}</ref>
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