Editing Bone char (section)

===Water treatment===
The [[tricalcium phosphate]] in bone char can be used to remove [[Water fluoridation|fluoride]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Medellin-Castillo|first=Nahum A. |author2=Leyva-Ramos, Roberto |author3=Ocampo-Perez, Raul |author4=Garcia de la Cruz, Ramon F. |author5=Aragon-Piña, Antonio |author6=Martinez-Rosales, Jose M. |author7=Guerrero-Coronado, Rosa M. |author8=Fuentes-Rubio, Laura |title=Adsorption of Fluoride from Water Solution on Bone Char|journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research|date=December 2007|volume=46|issue=26|pages=9205–9212|doi=10.1021/ie070023n}}</ref> and metal ions from water, making it useful for the treatment of drinking supplies.
Bone charcoal is the oldest known water defluoridation agent and was widely used in the United States from the 1940s through to the 1960s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Horowitz|first=HS|author2=Maier, FJ |author3=Law, FE |title=Partial defluoridation of a community water supply and dental fluorosis.|journal=Public Health Reports|date=Nov 1967|volume=82|issue=11|pages=965–72|pmid=4964678|pmc=1920070|doi=10.2307/4593174|jstor=4593174}}</ref> As it can be generated cheaply and locally it is still used in certain developing countries, such as [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mjengera|first=H.|author2=Mkongo, G.|title=Appropriate deflouridation technology for use in flourotic areas in Tanzania|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C|date=January 2003|volume=28|issue=20–27|pages=1097–1104|doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.030|bibcode=2003PCE....28.1097M}}</ref>
Bone chars usually have lower [[surface area]]s than [[activated carbon]]s, but present high adsorptive capacities for certain metals, particularly those from [[Group 12 element|group 12]] ([[copper]], [[zinc]], and [[cadmium]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ko|first=Danny C.K.|author2=Porter, John F. |author3=McKay, Gordon |title=Optimised correlations for the fixed-bed adsorption of metal ions on bone char|journal=Chemical Engineering Science|date=December 2000|volume=55|issue=23|pages=5819–5829|doi=10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00416-4|bibcode=2000ChEnS..55.5819K }}</ref> Other highly toxic metal ions, such as those of [[arsenic]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chen|first=Yun-Nen|author2=Chai, Li-Yuan |author3=Shu, Yu-De |title=Study of arsenic(V) adsorption on bone char from aqueous solution|journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials|date=December 2008|volume=160|issue=1|pages=168–172|doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.120|pmid=18417278|bibcode=2008JHzM..160..168C }}</ref> and [[lead]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Deydier|first=Eric|author2=Guilet, Richard |author3=Sharrock, Patrick |title=Beneficial use of meat and bone meal combustion residue: "an efficient low cost material to remove lead from aqueous effluent"|journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials|date=July 2003|volume=101|issue=1|pages=55–64|doi=10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00137-7|pmid=12850320|bibcode=2003JHzM..101...55D }}</ref> may also be removed.
The practical example of the use of bone char in water purification is demonstrated by use of [[nanofiltration]] in Tanzania.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gongalimodel.com/Water-Nanofilter.html|title=Water-Nanofilter|website=gongalimodel.com}}</ref>