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Booted eagle
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==Distribution and habitat== The booted eagle has breeding populations in many different regions in both the northern and southern hemisphere. These include southern [[Europe]], [[North Africa]] and across [[Asia]], and also in western [[South Africa]] and [[Namibia]].<ref name=Iziko>{{cite web | url = http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/birds/accipitridae/aquila_pennatus.htm | title = ''Aquila pennatus'' (Booted eagle) | access-date = 2016-11-02 | publisher = Iziko Museums of Southern Africa | work = Biodiversity Explorer | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160327005804/http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/birds/accipitridae/aquila_pennatus.htm | archive-date = 27 March 2016}}</ref> The northern populations are [[bird migration|migratory]] spending November to February<ref name=Iziko/> in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] and [[South Asia]], while the small southern African populations is sedentary. This is a [[species]] of wooded, often hilly countryside with some open areas. It breeds in rocky, broken terrain but migrants will use almost any type of habitat other than dense forest.<ref name = Iziko/> The birds of the Palearctic breeding population tend to nest in coniferous or deciduous woodlands and often in trees.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Steyn |first1=Peter |last2=Grobler |first2=J. H. |date=1981-06-01 |title=Breeding Biology of the Booted Eagle in South Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1981.9633593 |journal=Ostrich |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=108β118 |doi=10.1080/00306525.1981.9633593 |bibcode=1981Ostri..52..108S |issn=0030-6525|url-access=subscription }}</ref> === Southern African populations === It is believed that there may be three separate groups of booted eagles in Southern Africa.<ref name=":1" /> There is evidence of a population which breeds in the south-western Cape region of South Africa, arriving in early August, laying eggs in September, and leaving in March of the following year.<ref name=":5" /> From about April to July the birds migrate northwards, some possibly overwintering in Namibia.<ref name=":1" /> A small breeding population in Northern Namibia has also been observed. The third group is a non-breeding population thought to migrate south from Eurasia and North Africa in summer, however no empirical evidence of this has been documented.<ref name=":1" /> These booted eagle populations are not sub-specifically distinct from those in Palearctic regions. In South Africa, booted eagles also occur in hilly and open landscapes and in contrast to their Northern Hemisphere conspecifics, typically breed strictly on rocky cliffs in ravines and gorges. However, evidence has been found in South Africa of birds nesting in trees such as Euphorbias.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Steyn |first1=Peter |last2=Grobler |first2=J. H. |date=1985-03-01 |title=Supplementary Observations on the Breeding Biology of the Booted Eagle in Southern Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1985.9639584 |journal=Ostrich |volume=56 |issue=1β3 |pages=151β156 |doi=10.1080/00306525.1985.9639584 |bibcode=1985Ostri..56..151S |issn=0030-6525|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This bird is most common in the low stature shrublands of the Fynbos and Karoo, and more specifically the ecotone between the two biomes.<ref name=":1" />
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