Editing Broadcast programming (section)

===Lead-ins and lead-outs===
Broadcasters may schedule a program to air before or after a widely viewed [[Tentpole|tent-pole]] program, such as a popular series, or a special such as a high-profile [[Broadcasting of sports events|sporting event]] (such as, in the United States, the [[List of Super Bowl lead-out programs|Super Bowl]]), in the hope that [[audience flow]] will encourage the audience to tune-in early or stay for the second program. The second program is usually one that the broadcaster wants to promote to a wider audience, such as a new or lower-profile series.<ref>{{cite news |last=McCabe |first=Bruce |date=1996-01-28 |title='Super' Episodes Of 'Friends' |page=4 |work=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Baysinger |first=Tim |date=February 1, 2016 |title=Infographic: Do TV Shows Airing After the Super Bowl Gain Long-Term Viewers? |newspaper=Adweek |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/television/infographic-do-tv-shows-leading-out-super-bowl-gain-long-term-viewers-169280}}</ref> Sometimes, a lower-profile program may be scheduled between two tentpole programs, a technique known as '''[[hammocking]]'''.

Lead-outs can sometimes help to launch new programs and talent; in 1982, NBC premiered ''[[Late Night with David Letterman]]'' as a lead-out for its long-running [[late-night talk show]] ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]''. Characterized by an off-beat style appealing to young adults, ''Late Night'' helped launch the career of host [[David Letterman]], and influence later entries into the genre. Despite Carson's endorsement of Letterman as a successor following his 1992 retirement, NBC chose [[Jay Leno]] instead, and Letterman departed for [[CBS]] to host a spiritual successor—''[[Late Show with David Letterman]]—''beginning in the 1993–94 season. ''Late Night'' would continue as a franchise with hosts such as [[Conan O'Brien]] and [[Jimmy Fallon]]—both of whom would later go on to host ''The Tonight Show''.<ref name="nyt-nov-1981">{{cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Tony |date=10 November 1981 |title=Letterman Replacing Snyder |agency=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/arts/letterman-replacing-snyder.html |access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref><ref>Bushkin, Henry. [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-johnny-carson-quit-tonight-644508 How Johnny Carson Nearly Quit 'Tonight' and Scored TV's Richest Deal Ever]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''. Retrieved September 4, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Browne |first1=David |title=How David Letterman Reinvented TV |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/how-david-letterman-reinvented-tv-175056/ |access-date=October 31, 2021 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=29 September 2011 |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]}}</ref>

The same season, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] scheduled ''[[The X-Files]]'' as a lead-out for its [[sci-fi western]] [[The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.|''The Adventures of Brisco County Jr.'']], with the expectation that ''Brisco County Jr.'' would serve as the anchor of its Friday-night lineup. However, ''The X-Files'' proved to be significantly more successful, and would eventually run for nine seasons. By contrast, viewership for ''Brisco County Jr.'' declined throughout the season, and the show was cancelled.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kissell |first=Rick |date=2002-05-21 |title=Peacock struts its stuff |url=https://variety.com/2002/tv/news/peacock-struts-its-stuff-2-1117867346/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Fretts |first=Bruce |date=December 10, 1993 |title=Will CBS take the fall? |url=https://ew.com/article/1993/12/10/will-cbs-take-fall/ |url-status=live |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |issue=200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425210917/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C308917%2C00.html |archive-date=April 25, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stevenson |first=Jennifer |date=July 15, 1994 |title=Fox president shoots for the top from the bottom line |page=6B |work=The St. Petersburg Times (Florida)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Vitaris |first=Paula |author2=Dan Coyle |date=April 2002 |title=X'd Out |journal=Cinefantastique |volume=34 |issue=2 |page=38}}</ref> Fox attempted to use other sci-fi shows as a lead-in for ''The X-Files'' (such as ''[[Sliders (TV series)|Sliders]]'' and ''[[VR.5]]''), but they were similarly unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pergament |first=Alan |title=FOX SAVES 'PARTY OF FIVE,' SENDS 'SLIDERS,' 'VR.5' FOR A DIVE |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/fox-saves-party-of-five-sends-sliders-vr-5-for-a-dive/article_bc916428-ffed-5594-9aa6-4587d864fdb1.html |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Buffalo News |date=24 May 1995 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Easy does it for Fox shows |url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/05/24/easy-does-it-for-fox-shows/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SCI-FI SHOWS PROVE ALIEN TO NETWORKS |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-01-21-9801210097-story.html |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Chicago Tribune|date=21 January 1998 }}</ref>

A weak lead-in can have an impact on the viewership of programs that follow; NBC's 2009 attempt to [[Broadcast programming#Stripping|strip]] the talk show ''[[The Jay Leno Show]]'' (a spiritual successor to Leno's tenure of ''The Tonight Show'' after Conan O'Brien [[The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien|succeeded]] him) in a 10:00&nbsp;p.m. ET/PT timeslot proved detrimental to the viewership of late local newscasts on its affiliates.<ref>Pergament, Alan (November 17, 2009). [http://blogs.buffalonews.com/talkintv/2009/11/the-leno-effect-sweeping-channel-2-at-11.html The Leno Effect sweeping channel 2 at 11] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127114600/http://blogs.buffalonews.com/talkintv/2009/11/the-leno-effect-sweeping-channel-2-at-11.html|date=November 27, 2009}}. The Buffalo News. Retrieved 2009-11-17.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lazare |first=Lewis |date=December 1, 2009 |title=WLUP all talked out, 'Byrd' to steer tunes for drivers |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |url=http://www.suntimes.com/business/lazare/1912877,CST-FIN-lew01.article |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204030116/http://www.suntimes.com/business/lazare/1912877,CST-FIN-lew01.article |archive-date=December 4, 2009}}</ref> NBC subsequently announced plans to shorten ''The Jay Leno Show'' to a half hour and move it to 11:35&nbsp;p.m. ET/PT in late-February 2010, displacing ''The Tonight Show'' from its traditional timeslot. This proposal led to a [[2010 Tonight Show conflict|public conflict between O'Brien and NBC]], and ultimately resulted in his departure from the network, and the reinstatement of Jay Leno as host of ''The Tonight Show''.<ref name="wsj11910">{{cite news |last1=Schechner |first1=Sam |last2=Ovide |first2=Shira |last3=Schuker |first3=Lauren A.E. |date=January 19, 2010 |title=NBC to Pay $40 Million to Show Conan O'Brien the Door |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704541004575011482898148788?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLTopStories |url-status=live |access-date=May 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829164803/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704541004575011482898148788?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLTopStories |archive-date=August 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Serjeant |first=Jill |date=January 15, 2010 |title=NBC's Talk Show Wars Seen as PR Disaster for All |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=9575927 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131094748/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=9575927 |archive-date=January 31, 2010}}</ref>