Editing Broadcast television systems (section)

=== ITU standards ===
On an international conference in [[Stockholm]] in 1961, the [[International Telecommunication Union]] designated standards for broadcast television systems ('''ITU System Letter Designation''').<ref name="auto1"/> Each standard is designated by a letter (A-M).

On [[Very high frequency|VHF]] [[Band I|bands I]], [[Band II|II]] and [[Band III|III]] the [[405-line television system|405]], [[625 lines|625]] and [[819 line|819-line]] systems could be used:
* [[CCIR System A|A]] – 405-line system, 5&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System B|B]] – 625-line system, 7&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System C|C]] – Belgian 625-line system, 7&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System D|D]] – [[International Radio and Television Organisation|I.B.T.O.]] 625-line system, 8&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System E|E]] – French 819-line system, 14&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System F|F]] – Belgian 819-line system, 7&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth

On [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] bands [[Band IV|Bands IV]] and [[Band V|V]] only 625-line systems were adopted, with the difference being transmission parameters like channel bandwidth.
* [[CCIR System G|G]] – 625-line system, 5&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System H|H]] – 625-line system, 5&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System I|I]] – 625-line system, 5.5&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System K|K]] – 625-line system, 6&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth
* [[CCIR System L|L]] – 625-line system, 6&nbsp;MHz video bandwidth

Following further conferences and the introduction of color television, by 1966<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=C.C.I.R - Documents of the Xlth Plenary Assembly Oslo, 1966 |url=https://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.277.43.en.1006.pdf}}</ref> each standard was designated by a letter (A-M) in combination with a color standard (NTSC, PAL, SECAM). This completely specifies all of the monaural analog television systems in the world (for example, PAL-B, NTSC-M, etc.).

The following table gives the principal characteristics of each standard.<ref name="auto2"/> Except for [[display resolution|lines]] and [[frame rate]]s, other units are [[Hertz|megahertz]] (MHz).
* ''Also see:'' [[television channel frequencies]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" | border="1"
|+ '''World analog television systems'''<ref name="auto2"/>
|- style="background:rgb (170, 160, 150);"
! <small>Usual [[Color television|color standard]]</small>
! <small>System</small>
! <small>Introduced</small>
! [[Scan line|<small>Lines</small>]]
! <small>[[Frame rate]] (fps)</small>
! <small>[[Broadcasting|Channel]] bandwidth</small> <small>(MHz)</small>
! <small>[[VF bandwidth|Video bandwidth]] (MHz)</small>
! <small>Vision/sound carrier separation (MHz)</small>
! <small>[[Single-sideband modulation|Vestigial sideband]] (MHz)</small>
! <small>[[Modulation|Vision modulation]] (+, -)</small>
! <small>[[Modulation|Sound modulation]] (AM, FM)</small>
! <small>[[Chrominance]] [[subcarrier]] frequency (MHz)</small>
! <small>Vision/sound power ratio</small>
! <small>Assumed display device [[Gamma correction|gamma]]<ref>{{cite web |title=C.C.I.R. Report 624-4 Characteristics of television systems, 1990 |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.624-4-1990-PDF-E.pdf}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /></small>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
| [[CCIR System A|A]]
| 1936
| 405
| 25
| 5
| 3
| −3.5
| 0.75
| +
| AM
| none
| 4:1
| 2.5 - 2.0
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[PAL]]/[[SECAM]]
| [[CCIR System B|B]]
| 1950
| 625
| 25
| 7
| 5
| +5.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 4.43
|
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
| [[CCIR System C|C]]
| 1953
| 625
| 25
| 7
| 5
| +5.5
| 0.75
| +
| AM
| none
|
| 2.0
|- style="text-align:center;"
| SECAM/PAL
| [[CCIR System D|D]]
| 1948
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 6
| +6.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 4.43
|
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
| [[CCIR System E|E]]
| 1949
| 819
| 25
| 14
| 10
| ±11.15
| 2.00
| +
| AM
| none
|
| 1.7
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
| [[CCIR System F|F]]
| 1953
| 819
| 25
| 7
| 5
| +5.5
| 0.75
| +
| AM
| none
|
| 2.0
|- style="text-align:center;"
| PAL/SECAM
| [[CCIR System G|G]]
| 1961
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 5
| +5.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 4.43
| 5:1
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
| PAL
| [[CCIR System H|H]]
| 1961
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 5
| +5.5
| 1.25
| -
| FM
| 4.43
| 5:1
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
| PAL
| [[CCIR System I|I]]
| 1962
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 5.5
| +5.9996
| 1.25
| -
| FM
| 4.43
| 5:1
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[NTSC]]
| [[NTSC-J|J]]
| 1953
| 525
| 30
| 6
| 4.2
| +4.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 3.58
|
| 2.2
|- style="text-align:center;"
| SECAM/PAL
| [[CCIR System K|K]]
| 1961
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 6
| +6.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 4.43
| 5:1
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
| SECAM
| [[CCIR System K1|K1]]
| 1964
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 6
| +6.5
| 1.25
| -
| FM
| 4.43
|
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
| SECAM
| [[CCIR System L|L]]
| 1961
| 625
| 25
| 8
| 6
| -6.5
| 1.25
| +
| AM
| 4.43
| 8:1
| 2.8
|- style="text-align:center;"
| NTSC/PAL
| [[CCIR System M|M]]
| 1941
| 525
| 30
| 6
| 4.2
| +4.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 3.58/3.56
|
| 2.2
|- style="text-align:center;"
| PAL
| [[CCIR System N|N]]
| 1951
| 625
| 25
| 6
| 4.2
| +4.5
| 0.75
| -
| FM
| 3.58
|
| 2.8
|}

==== Notes by system ====
; [[CCIR System A|A]]: Early [[United Kingdom]] and [[Ireland]] VHF system (B&W only). First electronic TV system, introduced in 1936. Vestigial sideband filtering introduced in 1949. Discontinued on 23 November 1982 in Ireland and on 2 January 1985 in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |date=2012-02-12 |title=The UK 405-Line Television Network |url=http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/405-Lines/index.html |access-date=2021-12-31 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212100552/http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/405-Lines/index.html |archive-date=12 February 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |date=2012-03-06 |title=World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms |url=http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/World-TV-Standards/Transmission-Systems.html |access-date=2021-12-31 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306185600/http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/World-TV-Standards/Transmission-Systems.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
; [[CCIR System B|B]]: VHF-only in most Western European countries (combined with system G and H on UHF); VHF and UHF in [[Australia]]. Originally known as the Gerber standard.<ref>{{cite web |title=625-Line Television Broadcast Standards - UK Vintage Radio Repair and Restoration Discussion Forum |url=https://www.vintage-radio.net/forum/showthread.php?t=36027 |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=www.vintage-radio.net}}</ref>
; [[CCIR System C|C]]: Early VHF system; used only in [[Belgium]], [[Italy]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Luxembourg]], as a compromise between Systems B and L. Discontinued in 1977.<ref name="auto"/>
; [[CCIR System D|D]]: The first 625-line system. Used on VHF only in most countries (combined with system K on UHF); VHF and UHF in [[China]].
; [[CCIR System E|E]]: Early [[France|French]] VHF system (B&W only); very good (near [[High-definition television|HDTV]]) picture quality but uneconomical use of bandwidth. Sound carrier separation +11.15&nbsp;MHz on odd numbered channels, -11.15&nbsp;MHz on even numbered channels. Discontinued in 1984 (France) and 1985 (Monaco).<ref>{{cite web |date=2012-08-30 |title=World Analogue Television Standards and Waveforms |url=http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/World-TV-Standards/Transmission-Systems.html |access-date=2021-12-31 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830232230/http://www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk/World-TV-Standards/Transmission-Systems.html |archive-date=30 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
; [[CCIR System F|F]]: Early VHF system used only in Belgium and Luxembourg; allowed French 819-line [[Television show|television programming]] to be broadcast on the 7&nbsp;MHz VHF channels used in those countries, at a substantial cost in horizontal resolution. Discontinued in 1968 (Belgium) and 1971 (Luxembourg).<ref name="auto"/>
; [[CCIR System G|G]]: UHF only; used in countries with [[CCIR System B|System B]] on VHF, except Australia.
; [[CCIR System H|H]]: UHF only; used only in Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands. Similar to System G with a 1.25&nbsp;MHz vestigal sideband.
; [[CCIR System I|I]]: Used in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[Ireland]], [[Southern Africa]], [[Macau]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Falkland Islands]].
; [[NTSC-J|J]]: Used in [[Japan]] (see system M below). Identical to system M except that a different black level of 0 [[IRE (unit)|IRE]] is used instead of 7.5 IRE. Although the ITU specified a frame rate of 30 fields, 29.97 was adopted with the introduction of NTSC color to minimize visual artifacts. Discontinued in 2012, when Japan transitioned to [[Digital television transition|digital]].
; [[CCIR System K|K]]: UHF only; used in countries with system D on VHF, except China, and identical to it in most respects.
; [[CCIR System K1|K1]]: Used only in [[Overseas France|French overseas departments and territories]].
; [[CCIR System L|L]]: Used only in [[France]]. On VHF Band 1 only, the audio is at −6.5&nbsp;MHz. Discontinued in 2011, when France transitioned to [[Digital television transition|digital]]. It was the last system to use positive video modulation and AM sound.
; [[CCIR System M|M]]: Used in most of the [[Americas]] and [[Caribbean]] (except [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]] and [[French Guiana]]), [[Myanmar]], [[South Korea]], [[Republic of China|Taiwan]], [[Philippines]] (all NTSC-M), [[Brazil]] ([[PAL-M]]), [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]] and [[Laos]] (SECAM-M). Although the ITU specified a frame rate of 30 fields, 29.97 was adopted with the introduction of NTSC color to minimize visual artifacts.
; [[CCIR System N|N]]: Adopted by [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Uruguay]] (all [[PAL#PAL-N|PAL-N]] since 1980).