Editing Broccoli (section)

==History==
Broccoli resulted from the breeding of [[landrace]] ''Brassica'' crops in the northern Mediterranean starting in about the sixth century BCE.<ref name="VB">{{cite journal|last1=Maggioni|first1=Lorenzo|title=Origin and Domestication of Cole Crops (''Brassica oleracea'' L.): Linguistic and Literary Considerations|journal=Economic Botany|volume=64|issue=2|pages=109–123|date=2010|doi=10.1007/s12231-010-9115-2|last2=Bothmer|first2=Roland|last3=Poulsen|first3=Gert|last4=Branca|first4=Ferdinando|hdl=10568/121874 |s2cid=2771884|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Broccoli has its origins in primitive cultivars grown in the [[Roman Empire]] and was most likely [[Plant breeding|improved]] via [[Selective breeding|artificial selection]] in the southern [[Italian Peninsula]] or in [[Sicily]].<ref name="NI">{{cite book|last=Nonnecke|first=Ib|title=Vegetable Production|publisher=Springer-Verlag New York, LLC|date=November 1989|page=394|isbn=978-0-442-26721-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H7i8QJw8BJsC&pg=PA394|access-date=6 October 2020|archive-date=9 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309051152/https://books.google.com/books?id=H7i8QJw8BJsC&pg=PA394|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1=Stansell|first1=Zachary |last2=Björkman|first2=Thomas|date=1 October 2020|title=From landrace to modern hybrid broccoli: the genomic and morphological domestication syndrome within a diverse ''B. oleracea'' collection|journal=Horticulture Research|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|page=159|doi=10.1038/s41438-020-00375-0|pmid=33082966|pmc=7528014|bibcode=2020HorR....7..159S |issn=2052-7276|s2cid=224724369}}</ref><ref name="Stansell 1–10">{{cite journal|last1=Stansell|first1=Zachary|last2=Hyma|first2=Katie|last3=Fresnedo-Ramírez|first3=Jonathan|last4=Sun|first4=Qi|last5=Mitchell|first5=Sharon|last6=Björkman|first6=Thomas|last7=Hua|first7=Jian|date=1 July 2018|title=Genotyping-by-sequencing of ''Brassica oleracea'' vegetables reveals unique phylogenetic patterns, population structure and domestication footprints|journal=Horticulture Research|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=38|doi=10.1038/s41438-018-0040-3|pmid=29977574|pmc=6026498|bibcode=2018HorR....5...38S |issn=2052-7276}}</ref> Broccoli was spread to northern Europe by the 18th century and brought to North America in the 19th century by Italian immigrants.<ref name=":0" /> After the Second World War, the breeding of the [[Agriculture in the United States|United States]] and [[Agriculture in Japan|Japan]]ese [[F1 hybrid#In plants|F1 hybrids]] increased yields, quality, growth speed, and regional adaptation, which produced the cultivars commonly grown since then: 'Premium Crop', 'Packman', and 'Marathon'.<ref name=":0" />