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Bronchiectasis
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=== Cystic fibrosis === [[Cystic fibrosis]] is the most common life-threatening autosomal recessive disease in the United States and Europe.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite journal|last1=Rowe|first1=Steven M.|last2=Miller|first2=Stacey|last3=Sorscher|first3=Eric J.|date=2005-05-12|title=Cystic Fibrosis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=19|pages=1992β2001|doi=10.1056/NEJMra043184|pmid=15888700 }}</ref> It is a [[genetic disorder]] that affects the [[lungs]], but also the [[pancreas]], [[liver]], [[kidneys]], and [[intestine]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=O'Sullivan|first1=Brian P.|last2=Freedman|first2=Steven D.|date=2009-05-30|title=Cystic fibrosis|journal=Lancet|volume=373|issue=9678|pages=1891β1904|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60327-5 |pmid=19403164|s2cid=46011502}}</ref> It is caused by mutations in the [[Cftr|CFTR protein]], a [[chloride channel]] expressed in epithelial cells.<ref name="auto3" /> Lung disease results from clogging of the airways due to mucus build-up, decreased [[mucociliary clearance]], and resulting [[inflammation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elborn|first=J. Stuart|date=19 November 2016|title=Cystic fibrosis|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10059|pages=2519β31|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00576-6 |pmid=27140670|s2cid=20948144}}</ref> In later stages, changes to the structure of the lung, such as bronchiectasis, occur.
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