Editing COSCO (section)

===China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (1993–2015)===
The company became a [[holding company]] and renamed as China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company in 1993.<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=http://www.coscoshipping.com/col/col6862/index.html|script-title=zh:发展沿革|trans-title=Company History|access-date=December 19, 2020|publisher=COSCO Shipping|language=zh-cn}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2020}} Two other government owned companies, China Marine Bunker Supply Company ([[Chimbusco]] in short) and China Road Transport Company, which engaged in oil tanker and road transport businesses respectively, became the subsidiaries of the group in 1988 and 1992<ref name=COSCOLogistics/> respectively. China Road Transport Company was renamed into COSCO Logistics in 2001 (now part of COSCO Shipping Logistics). As of 2003, COSCO Logistics engaged in shipping agency, freight forwarding, third party logistics and supporting services.<ref name=COSCOLogistics>{{cite press release|url=https://doc.irasia.com/listco/hk/coscoship/circulars/c031013.pdf|title=Connected Transaction|date=October 13, 2003|access-date=December 19, 2020|publisher=COSCO Pacific|pages=6–8}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=December 2020}} While Chimbusco became a joint venture with [[PetroChina]] since 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/daily/petrochina-inks-chimbusco-stake/1-1-78839|title=PetroChina inks Chimbusco stake|date=March 11, 2003|access-date=December 19, 2020|website=tradewindsnews.com|url-access=limited}}</ref>

COSCO has a Hong Kong division which the division acquired a HK-listed company [[Shun Shing Holdings]]{{efn|name=COSCOInternational}} in February 1997.<ref name=ShunShing>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/186511/shun-shing-set-takeover-cosco-nets-61pc|title=Shun Shing set for takeover as Cosco nets 61pc|date=February 28, 1997|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong}}</ref> Hong Kong was a British colony until June 30, 1997, and has been a [[special administrative region of China]] with a separate jurisdiction system since July 1. Another subsidiary of COSCO HK at that time,<ref name=ShunShing/> [[COSCO Pacific]],{{efn|name=COSCOPacific}} was a HK-listed company since 1994. COSCO Pacific has a joint venture with [[Hongkong International Terminals]] Limited, which operates a terminal in [[Kwai Tsing Container Terminals]], Hong Kong since 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hit.com.hk/en/About-Hit/Milestones.html|title=Milestones|date=2020|access-date=14 December 2020|publisher=Hongkong International Terminals}}</ref> COSCO Pacific acquired 49% stake of COSCO Logistics from the parent company in 2003. COSCO retained the remaining 51%.<ref name=COSCOLogistics/> COSCO Pacific also owned 20% stake of Hong Kong-based [[Chong Hing Bank]] from 1997<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB869000250345617000|title=Cosco Pacific Buys 20% Of Liu Chong Hing Bank|date=July 16, 1997|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url-access=limited}}</ref> to 2007. In 2007 the stake was sold to the parent company, COSCO HK.<ref name=bank1>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/605415/cosco-pacific-sell-20pc-stake-chong-hing|title=Cosco Pacific to sell 20pc stake in Chong Hing|date=August 25, 2007|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong}}</ref><ref name=bank2>{{cite report|url=http://www.chbank.com/en/pdf/2008/chbank_annual_report_2008_eng.pdf|title=Annual Report 2008|date=2009|access-date=December 19, 2020|publisher=Chong Hing Bank}}</ref>

In 1995, another subsidiary, COSCO Corporation (Singapore) Limited,{{efn|name=SG}} became a listed company in Singapore Exchange.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/1998-10/26/GB/17857%5EGM6-2625.HTM|script-title=zh:面对经济全球化 中远打出创新牌|newspaper=Guangming Daily|date=October 26, 1998|access-date=December 19, 2020|language=zh-cn}}</ref> The company was a component of [[Straits Times Index]] until 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/asia/cosco-corp-replaced-captiamalls-asia-straits-times-index|title=Cosco Corp replaced by CaptiaMalls Asia on Straits Times Index|date=March 15, 2010|access-date=December 19, 2020|website=seatrade-maritime.com}}</ref>

COSCO acquired a [[Shanghai Stock Exchange|Shanghai]]-listed company in 1997 as a vehicle of [[backdoor listing]]. It became [[COSCO Development]],{{efn|name=Development}} which engaged in real estate. The direct parent company of COSCO Development was sold in 2005, thus COSCO Development was no longer part of the COSCO Group.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://business.sohu.com/20060315/n242303592.shtml|script-title=zh:三林集团力挺中远发展地产业务|date=March 15, 2006|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=China Securities Journal| language=zh-cn|via=Sohu news portal}}</ref> Also in 2005, COSCO Group acquired a company from COSCO Development.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://business.sohu.com/20050613/n225917304.shtml|script-title=zh:中远发展向中远集团转让资产|date=June 13, 2005|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=Shanghai Securities News|language=zh-cn|via=Sohu}}</ref> That company was the operator of [[Boao Forum for Asia]].<ref name=history/>{{primary source inline|date=December 2020}}

In 1997, [[Dianne Feinstein]] and [[Barbara Boxer]], United States senators from California, had asked the [[Clinton administration]] to investigate COSCO's leasing on [[Long Beach Naval Shipyard|a former naval base]] in Long Beach. The site was developed into a container port terminal, Pacific Container Terminal.<ref>{{cite news |date=March 13, 1997 |title=Senators Ask for Inquiry on Leasing of California Base to Chinese |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/13/us/senators-ask-for-inquiry-on-leasing-of-california-base-to-chinese.html |url-access=limited |access-date=December 19, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=Reuters}}</ref> 

In 2002, another subsidiary, [[COSCO Shipping Specialized Carriers|COSCO Shipping Co., Ltd.]],{{efn|name=specialized}} became a listed company in Shanghai.

In 2004, COSCO formed a joint venture with fellow [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|Central Government]] owned [[Ansteel Group]] (''Angang'' Group).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/jygl/20040303/1039652959.shtml|script-title=zh:中远鞍钢联手成立航运公司 开拓物流产业领域|newspaper=Nanfang Daily|date=March 3, 2004|access-date=December 19, 2020|language=zh-cn|via=[[Sina Corp|Sina]] news portal}}</ref>

In 2005, the flagship subsidiary of COSCO, [[China COSCO Holdings]], became a listed company.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/511329/candidates-buoyed-successful-run-ipos|title=Candidates buoyed by successful run of IPOs
|date=August 8, 2005|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong}}</ref> The [[A share (mainland China)|A share]] of China COSCO Holdings was listed in Shanghai since 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/597452/shipping-giants-share-ipo-raises-15b-yuan|title=Shipping giant's A-share IPO raises 15b yuan|date=30 June 2007|access-date=December 19, 2020|newspaper=South China Morning Post|location=Hong Kong|first=Denise|last=Tsang}}</ref>

After the post-[[2008 financial crisis]] collapse of global shipping, COSCO began gradually acquiring the Greek port of [[Piraeus]].<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus">{{Cite book |last1=Curtis |first1=Simon |title=The Belt and Road City: Geopolitics, Urbanization, and China's Search for a New International Order |last2=Klaus |first2=Ian |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=9780300266900 |location=New Haven and London |publication-date=2024}}</ref>{{Rp|page=68}} Under COSCO, Piraeus has become a busy port, rising from traffic of 400,000 containers in 2008 to nearly five million containers in 2018.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus" />{{Rp|page=68}} Most European trade with China occurs via Greek ships, including through Piraeus.<ref name=":Curtis&Klaus" />{{Rp|page=68}}

During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], most shipping companies halted all container shipping to Russia, except for basic food products, medicine and humanitarian aid. The exception is COSCO which continues to ship to Russia, and was the largest shipping company to do so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World's Largest Container Lines Shun Russian Ports |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/world-s-largest-container-lines-shun-russian-ports |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref>