Editing CREB (section)

===cAMP response element=== <!--cAMP response element redirects here-->
The ''cAMP response element ''(CRE) is the [[response element]] for CREB which contains the highly conserved nucleotide sequence, 5'-TGACGTCA-3’. CRE sites are typically
found upstream of genes, within the [[Promoter (genetics)|promoter]] or [[Enhancer (genetics)|enhancer]] regions.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = The many faces of CREB|journal =  Trends in Neurosciences|doi=10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.005 |volume=28 |issue = 8 |pages=436–445 |pmid=15982754 |date=August 2005 | last1 = Carlezon | first1 = WA | last2 = Duman | first2 = RS | last3 = Nestler | first3 = EJ|s2cid = 6480593}}</ref> There are approximately 750,000 palindromic and half-site CREs in the human genome. However, the majority of these sites remain unbound due to cytosine [[DNA methylation|methylation]], which physically obstructs protein binding.<ref>{{Cite journal |title = CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals |journal = Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology |date = March 2011 |issn = 1471-0072 |pmc = 4324555 |pmid = 21346730 |pages = 141–151 |volume = 12 |issue = 3 |doi = 10.1038/nrm3072 |first1 = Judith Y. |last1 = Altarejos |first2 = Marc |last2 = Montminy}}</ref>