Editing C (musical note) (section)

===Middle C===
{{redirect|Middle C|the novel|Middle C (novel){{!}}''Middle C'' (novel)}}
{{image frame|caption=Middle C centrally set on a grand staff|content=<div style="margin:2px 8px 8px 4px;"><score>
\new GrandStaff <<
 \time 5/4
 \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \magnifyStaff 1.5 } { s4 c'1 }
 \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \magnifyStaff 1.5 \clef bass } { s4 s1 } >>
</score></div>}}
Middle&nbsp;C (the fourth C key from left on a standard 88-key [[piano]] keyboard) is designated C<sub>4</sub> in [[scientific pitch notation]], c{{prime}} in [[Helmholtz pitch notation]], and note number 60 in the [[MIDI]] standard.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/Complete_MIDI_1.0_Detailed_Specification_96-1-3 |title=Complete MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification |year=1996 |pages=10}}</ref>

While the expression ''middle&nbsp;C'' is generally clear across instruments and clefs, some musicians naturally use the term to refer to the C note in the middle of their specific instrument's range. C<sub>4</sub> (approximately 261.626&nbsp;Hz<ref><math>\frac{440}{2^{\!^\tfrac{9}{12}}}</math></ref>) may be called ''Low&nbsp;C'' by someone playing a [[Western concert flute]], which has a higher and narrower [[playing range]] than the piano, while C<sub>5</sub> (523.251&nbsp;Hz) would be middle&nbsp;C. This practice has led some to encourage standardizing on C<sub>4</sub> as the definitive middle&nbsp;C in instructional materials across all instruments.<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Large
|first= John
|date=February 1981
|title= Theory in Practice: Building a Firm Foundation
|journal= [[Music Educators Journal]]
|volume= 32
|pages= 30–35}}</ref>

On the [[Staff (music)#Grand staff|grand staff]], middle&nbsp;C is notated with a [[ledger line]] above the top line of the [[bass clef|bass staff]] or below the bottom line of the [[treble clef|treble staff]]. Alternatively, it is written on the centre line of a staff using the [[alto clef]], or on the fourth line from the bottom, or the second line from the top, of staves using the [[tenor clef]].