Editing Cadmium pigments (section)

==Safety==
[[File:Cadmium orange cast iron pot.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Cadmium orange [[cast-iron]] pot]]
Cadmium sulfide is not very toxic ({{LD50}} above 5,000&nbsp;mg/kg). Cadmium is introduced into the body most commonly through smoking and the diet.  Poisoning by pigments is uncommon but of continuing concern.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.096|title=Cadmium pigments in consumer products and their health risks |year=2019 |last1=Turner |first1=Andrew |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=657 |pages=1409–1418 |pmid=30677907 |bibcode=2019ScTEn.657.1409T |hdl=10026.1/13186 |s2cid=59252725 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cadmium (EHC 134, 1992)|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc134.htm|access-date=5 December 2018|website=InChem|publisher=IPCS}}</ref> Acute exposure to cadmium vapors can arise from [[welding]] near cadmium pigments.<ref name=Ullmann/>

The cadmium pigments have been partially replaced by [[Azo dye|azo pigments]], which have significantly inferior [[lightfastness]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paintmaking.com/yellow.htm |title=Yellow |website=Making Artist's Paint |first=Tony |last=Johansen |date=2006-05-06 |access-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205201823/http://www.paintmaking.com/yellow.htm |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In December 2013, the Swedish Chemicals Agency ([[Swedish Chemical Society|KEMI]]) proposed a case to the European Chemicals Agency ([[ECHA]]) in favor of restricting or banning cadmium use in artists’ paints, as cadmium in pigments used in other types of paints was already restricted and regulated via [[TARIC code]]s and [[Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals|REACH]] Annex XVII. This proposal stated that cadmium in the body leads to increased risk of bone fractures and breast cancer as well as an array of environmental impacts, and that paint washed down the drain is absorbed by crops that are then consumed, increasing the average dietary cadmium intake. This can cause an array of health effects, including kidney and liver damage, skeletal damage, several types of cancers and death.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kawasaki|first1=Takashi|last2=Kono|first2=Koichi|last3=Dote|first3=Tomotaro|last4=Usuda|first4=Kan|last5=Shimizu|first5=Hiroyasu|last6=Dote|first6=Emi|date=2004|title=Markers of cadmium exposure in workers in a cadmium pigment factory after changes in the exposure conditions|journal=Toxicology and Industrial Health|language=en|volume=20|issue=1–5|pages=51–56|doi=10.1191/0748233704th189oa|pmid=15807408|bibcode=2004ToxIH..20...51K |s2cid=31862331}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Hyun-Soo|last2=Kim|first2=Yeo-Jin|last3=Seo|first3=Young-Rok|date=December 2015|title=An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention|journal=Journal of Cancer Prevention|volume=20|issue=4|pages=232–240|doi=10.15430/JCP.2015.20.4.232|issn=2288-3649|pmc=4699750|pmid=26734585}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Järup|first1=Lars|date=1 December 2003|title=Hazards of heavy metal contamination|journal=British Medical Bulletin|language=en|volume=68|issue=1|pages=167–182|doi=10.1093/bmb/ldg032|issn=0007-1420|pmid=14757716|doi-access=free}}</ref> KEMI's proposal was ultimately declined.

In a June 2015 article of ''Just Paint,'' published by [[Golden Artist Colors]], the company argued against KEMI's proposal, offering that "There are no alternatives that match all of the characteristics of cadmium pigments." This statement was also included in Golden's response to KEMI's request for information on cadmium-pigmented artists’ paints while the agency was composing its ban proposal. The article also stated that a ban would be technically feasible for some artists, but not all, and that "cadmium colors are not for use by children, should not be spray applied or sanded, and unless one is properly protected from exposure and in a non-household setting, use of dry cadmium pigment should be avoided."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gavett |first1=Ben |title=Will Cadmium Colors Always be on the Palette? (Part 2) |url=https://www.justpaint.org/will-cadmium-colors-always-be-on-the-palette-part-2/ |website=Just Paint |date=February 2015 |publisher=Golden Artist Colors, Inc. |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Annex XV restriction: Report proposal for a restriction |url=https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/annex_xv_cd_in_artist_paints_en.pdf |publisher=ECHA |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref>

Inhalation poses the greatest risk from cadmium pigments, though the chemical is very low-risk when sealed within a pigment particle because of its insolubility. The use of [[pastel|chalk pastels]] containing cadmium colors is among the highest risks for artists, as these pastels create a dust that can be inhaled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hoakley |title=Pigment: Controversial Cadmiums, yellow to red |url=https://eclecticlight.co/2018/06/15/pigment-controversial-cadmiums-yellow-to-red/ |website=The Eclectic Light Company |access-date=5 December 2018 |language=en |date=15 June 2018}}</ref>
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