Editing Calender (section)

==Calendering paper==
In a principal paper application, the calender is located  at the end of a [[papermaking]] process (on-line). Those that are used separately from the process (off-line) are also called ''supercalenders''. The purpose of a calender is to make the [[paper]] smooth and glossy for [[printing]] and [[writing]], as well as of a consistent thickness for [[capacitor]]s that use paper as their [[dielectric]] membrane.

The calender section of a [[paper machine]] consists of a calender and other equipment. The [[paper]] web is run between in order to further smooth it out, which also gives it a more uniform thickness. The pressure applied to the web by the rollers determines the finish of the paper, in three basic types:

* [[machine finish]], or [[MF Paper]], which can range from a rough, matte (non glossy) look, to a smooth, high-quality finish.

* [[supercalendered finish]], or [[MG Paper]] (Machine Glazed), glossy/glazed and suitable for high-degree, fine-screened [[halftone]] printing.

* plater finish, obtained by placing cut sheets of paper between stacked [[zinc]] or [[copper]] plates and put under pressure and heat. A special finish such as a linen finish would be achieved by placing a piece of [[linen]] between the plate and the sheet of paper, or else an embossed steel roll might be used.

After calendering, the web has a moisture content of about 6% (depending on the finish). It is wound onto a roll called a ''tambour'', and stored for final cutting and shipping.

===Supercalender===
A '''supercalender'''<!-- Note: This is the correct spelling of "calender" when used in this sense. --> is a stack of calenders consisting of alternating [[steel]]- and [[fiber]]-covered rolls through which [[paper]] is passed to increase its [[density]], smoothness and gloss.  It is similar to a calender except that alternate chilled cast-iron and softer rolls are used. The rolls used to supercalender uncoated paper usually consist of [[cast iron]] and highly compressed paper, while the rolls used for [[coated paper]] are usually cast iron and highly compressed cotton. The finish produced varies according to the raw material used to make the paper and the pressure exerted on it, and ranges from the highest English finish to a highly glazed surface. Supercalendered papers are sometimes used for books containing fine line blocks or [[halftone]]s because they print well from type and halftones, although for the latter they are not as good as coated paper.