Editing Caller ID (section)

==History==
In 1968, [[Theodore Paraskevakos|Theodore George "Ted" Paraskevakos]], while working in as a [[communications engineer]] for [[SITA (IT company)|SITA]]<ref>Formerly known as [[:fr:Société internationale de télécommunication aéronautique|Société internationale de télécommunication aéronautique]]</ref> in [[Athens, Greece]], began developing a system to automatically identify a telephone caller to a call recipient. After several attempts and experiments, he developed the method in which the caller's number was transmitted to the receiver's device. This method was the basis for modern-day Caller ID technology.<ref name=ParaBW>{{cite news |magazine=[[Business Week]]
   |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=99411576&privcapId=84684310&previousCapId=84684310&previousTitle=ICVN,%20Inc.
   |title=Theodore Paraskevakos: Executive Profile & Biography
   |access-date=June 20, 2013}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=ParaBizJ>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2003/11/10/smallb3.html?page=all |title=Inventor reveals the names behind numbers |newspaper=[[BizJournals]].com (Baltimore) |last=Milani |first=Kate |date=November 10, 2003 |accessdate=June 20, 2013 |archive-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111022315/http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2003/11/10/smallb3.html?page=all |url-status=live }}</ref> From 1969 through 1975, Paraskevakos was issued twenty separate patents related to automatic telephone line identification,<ref>Patent #3,727,003/4-10-1973 and Patent # 3,812,296/5-21-1974</ref> and since they significantly predated all other similar patents, they appear as [[prior art]] in later [[USPTO|United States patents]] issued to [[Kazuo Hashimoto]]<ref>Patent # 4,242,539/12-30-1980</ref> and Carolyn A. Doughty.<ref>Patent # 4,551,581/11-5-1985 and Patent # 4,582,956/4-15-1986; (both assigned to [[AT&T Bell Laboratories]])</ref> [[Image:Caller ID receiver.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The first caller identification receiver]] In 1971, Paraskevakos, working with [[Boeing]] in [[Huntsville, Alabama]], constructed and reduced to practice a transmitter and receiver, representing the world's first prototypes of caller-identification devices. They were installed at Peoples' Telephone Company in [[Leesburg, Alabama]], and were demonstrated to several telephone companies. These original and historic working models are still in the possession of Paraskevakos. In the patents related to these devices, Paraskevakos also proposed to send [[alphanumeric]] information, such as the caller's name, to the receiving apparatus and to make [[mobile banking|banking by telephone]] feasible. He also proposed to identify the calling telephone by special code; e.g., "PF" for public phone, "HO" for home phone, "OF" for office phone, "PL" for police.

In May 1976, Kazuo Hashimoto, a prolific [[Japan]]ese inventor with over one thousand patents worldwide,<ref>[http://www.phonetel.com/html/hashimoto.html PhoneTel Patent Services :: History : Hashimoto<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701020027/http://www.phonetel.com/html/hashimoto.html |date=2007-07-01 }}</ref> first built a prototype of a caller ID display device that could receive caller ID information. His work on caller ID devices and early prototypes was received in the [[Smithsonian Institution]], [[National Museum of American History]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=11UV62L312150.21979&profile=all&uri=link=3100007~!202368~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=2&source=~!siarchives&term=Caller+ID+telephone+service&index=#focus |title=PhoneTel Collection |first1=Kazuo |last1=Hashimoto |first2=Jack |last2=Kilby |via=siris-archives.si.edu Library Catalog |access-date=April 3, 2007 |archive-date=October 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016154835/http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=11UV62L312150.21979&profile=all&uri=link=3100007~!202368~!3100001~!3100002&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=2&source=~!siarchives&term=Caller+ID+telephone+service&index=#focus |url-status=live }}</ref> U.S. patent 4,242,539, filed originally on May 8, 1976, and a resulting patent re-examined at the patent office by AT&T, was successfully licensed to most of the major telecommunications and computer companies in the world.<ref>{{cite journal
|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16909535.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120091309/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16909535.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 November 2008|title=Fight heats up over patents on Caller ID. |first=Kazuo |last=Hashimoto |date=1 April 1995 |journal=Communications News}}</ref>

Initially, the operating telephone companies wanted to have the caller ID function performed by the central office as a voice announcement and charged on a per-call basis.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} John Harris, an employee of [[Northern Telecom]]'s telephone set manufacturing division in [[London, Ontario]], promoted the idea of displaying caller ID on a telephone. The telephone was coded ECCS for ''Enhanced Custom Calling Services''. A video of his [[prototype]] was used to leverage the feature from the central office to the telephone set.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}

In 1977, the Brazilian inventor Valdir Bravo Salinas filed a patent application for a caller ID device at the Brazilian Patent and Trademarks Office (INPI). The patent was issued in 1982 as patent PI7704466 and is the first patent issued for a caller ID equipment in [[Brazil]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Later in 1980, two other Brazilian inventors, João da Cunha Doya and [[Nélio José Nicolai]], filed patent applications for other caller ID devices. Doya’s application was filed on May 2, 1980 and issued as patent PI8003077. Nicolai’s application was filed on July 2, 1980 and rejected for being a copy of Salinas' invention.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} In 1981 another application for a caller ID equipment was filed at the INPI by José Daniel Martin Catoira and Afonso Feijó da Costa Ribeiro Neto. This application was granted and the patent issued as patent PI8106464.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}

The first market trial for Caller ID and other "[[Custom Local Area Signaling Services]]" (CLASS) was conducted by BellSouth in January 1984 in Orlando, FL after having been approached by Bell Labs (prior to AT&T's Divestiture on January 1, 1984) to conduct a trial. A press conference with ABC, NBC, CBS, and CNN was conducted announcing the event.  The name Caller ID was decided by the BellSouth Product Team, purposely not trademarking the name so that other Telcos would be free to adopt the name for ubiquity.  The other regional Bell operating companies later adopted the name and eventually became the generally accepted name in the United States. Planning for the trial was initiated by a team in [[Bell Laboratories]], [[AT&T]], and [[Western Electric]] before the [[Bell System divestiture]], with the participation of Bell Atlantic. The purpose of these trials was to assess the revenue potential of services that depend on deployment of the common channel signaling network needed to transmit the calling number between originating and terminating central offices.  Trial results were analyzed by [[Bellcore]] members of the original team.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}

In 1987, Bell Atlantic (now [[Verizon Communications]]) conducted another market trial in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]], which was followed by limited deployment. BellSouth was the first company to deploy Caller ID commercially in December 1988 in [[Memphis, Tennessee]], with a full deployment to its nine-state region over the next four years. Bell Atlantic was the second local telephone company to deploy Caller ID in New Jersey's Hudson County, followed by [[US West Communications]] (now [[Lumen Technologies]]) in 1989.<ref name=ForF1992NYT>{{cite news
  |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
  |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/04/news/caller-id-consumer-s-friend-or-foe.html
  |title=Caller ID: Consumer's Friend or Foe?
  |author=Anthony Ramirez
  |date=April 4, 1992
  |access-date=September 21, 2022
  |archive-date=October 3, 2022
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003182330/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/04/news/caller-id-consumer-s-friend-or-foe.html
  |url-status=live
  }}</ref>

===Type II caller ID===
In 1995, Bellcore released another type of [[modulation]], similar to [[Bell 202]], with which it became possible to transmit caller ID information and even provide call-disposition options while the user was already on the telephone. This not-for-free service<ref name=CWidLAT>{{cite news
  |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]
  |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-aug-19-fi-1587-story.html
  |title=Phone Companies Combine Familiar Services for New Call
  |author=Elizabeth Douglas
  |date=August 19, 1999
  |access-date=September 22, 2022
  |archive-date=September 22, 2022
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922170721/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-aug-19-fi-1587-story.html
  |url-status=live
  }}</ref> became known in some markets as '''call waiting ID''', or (when it was combined with call-disposition options) '''Call Waiting Deluxe'''; it is technically referred to as '''[[Analog Display Services Interface]]'''.  "Call Waiting Deluxe" is the Bellcore (now [[Telcordia Technologies]]) term for Type II caller ID with Disposition Options.

This class-based POTS-telephone calling feature works by combining the services of [[call waiting]] with caller ID<ref name=CWidLAT/> but also introduces an "options" feature that, in conjunction with certain screen-based telephones, or other capable equipment, gives a telephone user the option to

* '''Switch''': Place the current call on hold to take the second call (not a new feature)
* '''Hang-up''': Disconnect the current call and take the second call (not a new feature)
* '''Please Hold''': Send the caller either a custom or telephone-company-generated voice message asking the caller to hold
* '''Forward to Voice Mail''': Send the incoming caller to the recipient’s [[voice mail]] service.
* '''Join''': Add the incoming caller to the existing conversation.

                 data            checksum
     digit     d1  d2  d3  d4  s1  s2  s3  s4
       1        1   0   0   0   1   1   1   1
       2        0   1   0   0   0   1   1   1
       3        1   1   0   0   1   0   1   1
       4        0   0   1   0   0   0   1   1
       5        1   0   1   0   1   1   0   1
       6        0   1   1   0   0   1   0   1
       7        1   1   1   0   1   0   0   1
       8        0   0   0   1   0   0   0   1
       9        1   0   0   1   1   1   1   0
       0        0   1   0   1   0   1   1   0
       *        1   1   0   1   1   0   1   0
       #        0   0   1   1   0   0   1   0
       A        1   0   1   1   1   1   0   0
       B        0   1   1   1   0   1   0   0
       C        1   1   1   1   1   0   0   0
       D        0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

          FSK mark= 1200&nbsp;Hz   space= 2200&nbsp;Hz     1200 bpsk

The above flexibility requires the immediate presence of both a phone and a display screen, not one "several rooms away" from the other.<ref name=CWidLAT/> By 2007, Verizon and AT&T had bundled these services with still others, including speed dialling, "free" inside wiring maintenance, and unlimited minutes. The result was increased monthly spending for those customers adding features, but reduced individual charges
for those options they already had.<ref name=More4MoreLAT2007>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-17-fi-phone17-story.html |title=AT&T; raises rates on features |author=James S. Granelli |date=July 17, 2007 |access-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922182430/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-17-fi-phone17-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>