Editing Camel case (section)

== Traditional use in natural language ==

===In word combinations===
The use of medial capitals as a convention in the regular spelling of everyday texts is rare, but is used in some languages as a solution to particular problems which arise when two words or segments are combined.

In Italian, pronouns can be suffixed to verbs, and because the honorific form of second-person pronouns is capitalized, this can produce a sentence like ''non ho trovato il tempo di risponderLe'' ("I have not found time to answer you" – where ''Le'' means "to you").

In German, many nouns denoting people lack a gender-neutral form, which is why often, especially colloquially, the male form of a noun is used generically to address everyone, regardless of their gender (this is called ''[[Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns#Generic he|generisches Maskulinum]]'' in German). Another, more recent approach is using the medial capital letter [[I]], called ''[[Binnen-I]]'', in written text for words like ''StudentInnen'' ("students") to indicate that both ''Studenten'' ("male students") and ''Studentinnen'' ("female students") are referred to simultaneously. However, mid-word capitalization does not conform to the [[German orthography]] prescribed by the ''[[Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung]]'' (Council for German Orthography) apart from proper names like ''McDonald''. In order to adhere to orthography, the introductory “students” example could be corrected using [[parentheses]] to ''Student(inn)en'', which is analogous to writing "congress(wo)men" in English.<ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= ''Richtiges und gutes Deutsch: Das Wörterbuch der sprachlichen Zweifelsfälle'' |series=Duden |volume=9 |location=Mannheim |publisher=Bibliographisches Institut |page=418 |date=2011 |edition=7th |isbn=978-3411040971 |language=de}}</ref>

In [[Irish orthography|Irish]], camel case is used when an inflectional prefix is attached to a proper noun, for example {{lang|ga|i nGaillimh}} ("in [[Galway]]"), from {{lang|ga|Gaillimh}} ("Galway"); {{lang|ga|an tAlbanach}} ("the Scottish person"), from {{lang|ga|Albanach}} ("Scottish person"); and {{lang|ga|go hÉirinn}} ("to Ireland"), from {{lang|ga|Éire}} ("Ireland"). In recent [[Scottish Gaelic orthography]], a hyphen has been inserted: {{lang|ga|an t-Albannach}}. 

This convention of inflectional prefix is also used by several written [[Bantu languages]] (e.g. ''isiZulu'', "[[Zulu language]]") and several indigenous [[languages of Mexico]] (e.g. [[Nahuatl languages|Nahuatl]], [[Totonacan languages|Totonacan]], [[Mixe–Zoque languages|Mixe–Zoque]], and some [[Oto-Manguean languages]]).

In [[Dutch language|Dutch]], when capitalizing the digraph ''[[IJ (digraph)|ij]]'', both the letter ''I'' and the letter ''J'' are capitalized, for example in the country name ''[[Iceland|IJsland]]'' ("Iceland").

In [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]] [[pinyin]], camel case is sometimes used for place names so that readers can more easily pick out the different parts of the name. For example, places like Beijing (北京), Qinhuangdao (秦皇岛), and Daxing'anling (大兴安岭) can be written as ''BeiJing'', ''QinHuangDao,'' and ''DaXingAnLing'' respectively'','' with the number of capital letters equaling the number of [[Chinese characters]]. Writing word compounds only by the initial letter of each character is also acceptable in some cases, so Beijing can be written as ''BJ'', Qinghuangdao as ''QHD,'' and Daxing'anling as DXAL.

In English, medial capitals are usually only found in Scottish or Irish "Mac-" or "Mc-" patronymic names, where for example ''MacDonald, McDonald,'' and ''Macdonald'' are common spelling variants of [[MacDonald (surname)|MacDonald]] (son of Dòmhnall), and in Anglo-Norman "Fitz-" names, where for example both ''[[FitzGerald (surname)|FitzGerald]]'' and ''Fitzgerald'' (son of Gerald) are found.

In their English style guide ''[[The King's English]]'', first published in 1906, [[Henry Watson Fowler|H. W.]] and [[Francis George Fowler|F. G. Fowler]] suggested that medial capitals could be used in triple [[compound word]]s where [[hyphen]]s would cause ambiguity—the examples they give are ''KingMark-like'' (as against ''King Mark-like'') and ''Anglo-SouthAmerican'' (as against ''Anglo-South American''). However, they described the system as "too hopelessly contrary to use at present".<ref>{{Cite book
|last1=Fowler
|first1=Henry W.
|author-link1=Henry Watson Fowler
|last2=Fowler
|first2=Francis G.
|author-link2=Francis George Fowler
|title=The King's English
|url=http://www.bartleby.com/116/
|access-date=19 December 2009
|publisher=[[Oxford University Press|Oxford]]
|edition=2nd
|year=1908
|chapter=Chapter IV. Punctuation – Hyphens
|chapter-url=http://www.bartleby.com/116/405.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091231013710/http://bartleby.com/116/
|archive-date=31 December 2009
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

Some French names also uses CamelCase names, such as [[LeBeau (surname)]], [[LaRue]], [[DeMordaunt]], and Italian names [[DeRose]]/[[Rosa_(surname)#DeRosa|DeRosa]].

===In transliterations===

In the scholarly transliteration of languages written in other scripts, medial capitals are used in similar situations. For example, in transliterated [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], ''haIvri'' means "the Hebrew person" or "the Jew" and ''b'Yerushalayim'' means "in Jerusalem". In [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] proper names like ''rLobsang'', the "r" stands for a prefix glyph in the original script that functions as [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] marker rather than a normal letter. Another example is ''ts<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">I</span>urku'', a Latin transcription of the [[Chechen language|Chechen]] term for the capping stone of the characteristic [[Vainakh medieval towers|Medieval defensive towers]] of [[Chechnya]] and [[Ingushetia]]; the letter "<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">I</span>" ([[palochka]]) is not actually capital, denoting a [[phoneme]] distinct from the one transcribed as "i".

=== In abbreviations ===
Medial capitals are traditionally used in abbreviations to reflect the capitalization that the words would have when written out in full, for example in the academic titles PhD or [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]]. A more recent example is [[NaNoWriMo]], a contraction of National Novel Writing Month and the designation for both the annual event and the nonprofit organization that runs it. In German, the names of statutes are abbreviated using embedded capitals, e.g. StGB for {{Lang|de|[[Strafgesetzbuch]]}} (Criminal Code), PatG for {{Lang|de|Patentgesetz}} (Patent Act), BVerfG for {{Lang|de|Bundesverfassungsgericht}} ([[Federal Constitutional Court]]), or the very common GmbH, for {{Lang|de|[[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung]]}} ([[private limited company]]). In this context, there can even be three or more camel case capitals, e.g. in TzBfG for {{Lang|de|Teilzeit- und Befristungsgesetz}} (Act on Part-Time and Limited Term Occupations). In French, camel case acronyms such as [[Oulipo|OuLiPo]] (1960) were favored for a time as alternatives to initialisms.

Camel case is often used to transliterate initialisms into alphabets where two letters may be required to represent a single character of the original alphabet, e.g., [[DShK]] from [[Cyrillic]] ДШК. <!-- Need a real example for the following: In Japan, Camel case is sometimes used when transliterating [[Hiragana]] or [[Katakana]] product names or initialisms into Roman alphabet. -->