Editing Castlemilk (section)

===Development of modern estate===
[[File:Castlemilk West Parish Church in 2008.jpg|thumb|left|Castlemilk West Parish Church in 2008]] 
Castlemilk and the other peripheral housing schemes in Glasgow had their origins in the city's housing crisis after the end of the [[Second World War]]. Many inner city areas such as [[Hutchesontown]]<ref name=lads>[https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/whatever-happened-castlemilk-lads-2473041 Whatever happened to the Castlemilk Lads?], Peter Ross, ''The Scotsman'', 24 June 2012</ref> contained street after street of sub-standard tenement housing, and the city as a whole had a shortage of affordable good quality accommodation. The [[Castlemilk House|Castlemilk estate]] had already been acquired for building by the [[Glasgow Corporation]] under a [[compulsory purchase order]] in 1936, prior to the war.<ref name=wellbeing/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00793&t=2|title=Castlemilk from Cathkin Braes|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref>

[[File:St. Margaret Mary's RC Church - geograph.org.uk - 737299.jpg|thumb|left|St. Margaret Mary's RC Church]] 
In 1947, a delegation from Glasgow visited [[Marseille]] to see the new social housing designed by the Swiss-French architect [[Le Corbusier]], who was a pioneer of modern [[urban planning]]. The group examined how his ideas could be applied to Glasgow with the proposed development of new [[Public housing in the United Kingdom#Post-war reconstruction phase|“townships” on the outskirts of the city]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00794&t=2|title=Castlemilk, 1954|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> Around the same time a second strategy was also formulated for the dispersal of the city's population, this being [[Planned community#United Kingdom|new towns]] such as [[East Kilbride]] (which is only a few miles across countryside from Castlemilk). However, the city fathers were anxious to ensure that most people remained living within the Glasgow boundaries so they keenly pursued the townships project even with limited space available on which to build. The other areas identified for this were [[Pollok]], [[Drumchapel]] and [[Easterhouse]]<ref name=wellbeing>{{cite web|url=https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/humanities/research/historyresearch/researchprojects/housingandwellbeing/castlemilk/|title=Housing, Everyday Life & Wellbeing over the long term: A brief history of Castlemilk housing estate|publisher=[[University of Glasgow]]|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref name=lads/> – collectively referred to along with Castlemilk as "the big four".

[[File: Castlemilk Pool - geograph.org.uk - 1300660.jpg|thumb|right|Castlemilk Swimming Pool]]
In December 1952, Glasgow Corporation approved a sketch layout plan for the construction of a new township at Castlemilk with an estimated cost of £16,000,000. It was planned to ultimately comprise some 8,300 houses.<ref name=wellbeing/><ref>The Builder, 5 Dec 1952, p852</ref> In early 1953, more detailed plans for the development of Castlemilk were prepared by Archibald George Jury, who had been appointed as Glasgow’s first City Architect in 1951, a post he held until his retirement in 1972.

[[File:Castlemilk public council estate building in 1983.jpg|thumb|Rear of a typical 1950s Castlemilk tenement in 1983]]
There was a very limited range of different house types planned for the initial Castlemilk scheme. Most of the accommodation was to be contained in three or four-storey tenement blocks.<ref name=tgsbdale/> There were also to be three-storey terraced houses intended for larger families and a few other house types designed for the elderly and other groups such as the local fire service personnel.<ref name=southside/> The original 1950s flats, entered from common closes, seem to have been designed as modern versions of the traditional Glasgow tenements.<ref name=wellbeing/><ref name=southside/><ref name=tgsbdale>[https://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00991 Birgidale Road, Castlemilk (Glasgow City Archives, Department of Architectural and Civic Design, 1958)], The Glasgow Story</ref> Unlike many of the Victorian tenement dwellings, however, these flats came with interior bathrooms and running hot and cold water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00990&t=2|title=Barlia Street, Castlemilk|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> Many of the street names (Ardencraig, Ardmaleish, Birgidale, Dougrie, Dunagoil, Machrie) were derived from rural locations in the [[County of Bute]].

[[File:Mitchellhill tower blocks, Castlemilk - geograph.org.uk - 86560.jpg|thumb|left|Mitchellhill tower blocks on the day of their demolition, 2005]]
The multi-storey blocks in Castlemilk did not arrive until the 1960s. Built after the added amenities that included: a swimming pool, the shopping arcade and the community centre. Archibald Jury was the architect responsible for the creation of the three 20-storey tower blocks in Dougrie Road, from the planning stage in 1960 to their completion in 1966 (these are still standing).<ref name=wellbeing/><ref>The Builder, 17 June 1960, p1168</ref> The Mitchelhill high-rise blocks at Ardencraig Road, built on high and exposed ground at the edge of the [[Cathkin Braes]] and designed to be a prominent feature of the city skyline, were designed and built by [[George Wimpey]] Ltd, between 1963 and 1965 (they were demolished in 2005);<ref name=wellbeing/><ref name=lads/> Wimpey was also responsible for the construction of [[Bogany Flats]] in 1966 (demolished as early as 1993).<ref name=wellbeing/><ref>The Buildings of Scotland, Glasgow  p531</ref>

[[File:Dougrie Flats from Castlemilk Drive - geograph.org.uk - 1300662.jpg|thumb|left|Dougrie Place flats, 2008]]
Public housing policy in Scotland was radically changed by the Tenants' Rights, Etc. (Scotland) Act 1980, which gave tenants the right to buy their [[council houses]] for the first time. Since then, renovation, demolition and refurbishment of Castlemilk’s existing housing stock has taken place,<ref name=gshousing>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00795&t=2|title=Castlemilk Housing|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> as well as the development of areas of new build houses for owner-occupation. Tenure has diversified with home ownership transferred from the City Council to local Housing Associations and [[owner-occupier]]s.

The township centre at Castlemilk Arcade / Dougrie Drive was developed by Ravenseft Properties Ltd between 1961 and 1963<ref name=wellbeing/><ref>The Builder, 10 February 1961, p295-296</ref> on a {{convert|5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site which was formerly the location of the large country houses at Castleton, west of [[Castlemilk House]] itself.<ref name=southside/> The centre was designed to contain about sixty shops at an estimated cost of £3m to £4m.<ref>The Builder, 16 June 1961, p1176</ref> The shops are still standing, with an 80% occupancy rate.<ref>[https://www.thebraes.com/index.html Welcome], The Braes Shopping Centre</ref> The north side of the arcade on Dougrie Drive contains Castlemilk's only pub,<ref name=wellbeing/> the Oasis. After the shopping centre's small [[Co-op Food]] supermarket confirmed it would closed its doors in 2016, residents launched a campaign for improved grocery shopping provision in the district, with local bodies failing to attract any suitable tenants for either the Braes Centre (described by campaigners as badly outdated) or at any new standalone sites.<ref>[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/15513730.bm-to-open-in-castlemilk-allowing-former-co-op-workers-to-retain-their-jobs/ B&M to open in Castlemilk allowing former Co-op workers to retain their jobs], Evening Times, 4 December 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/16040042.amp/'We need Aldi or Lidl': Castlemilk shopping centre 'not fit for purpose' as group fights for supermarket], Evening Times, 22 February 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/16161268.amp/ Lack of land puts Castlemilk supermarket plans on hold], Evening Times,16 April 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-48749338 Castlemilk children's plea: 'Build us a supermarket'], BBC News, 25 June 2019</ref>

[[File:View across to Castlemilk from Cathkin Braes - geograph.org.uk - 665.jpg|thumb|view north from [[Cathkin Braes]] over refurbished tenements and replacement houses]]
The original neighbourhood shops were built at the ground floors of the tenement blocks, following the old Glasgow pattern.<ref name=machrie>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA00992&t=2|title=Machrie Road, Castlemilk|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> Ownership of these small shops has been transferred from the Council to the [[Glasgow Housing Association]], who have let the surviving blocks of shops in Stravanan Road and Tormusk Road to various tenants.

[[File:Ardencraig Street - geograph.org.uk - 1301831.jpg|thumb|Modern housing looking south to Cathkin Braes]]
Castlemilk House was demolished in 1972 after being used as a children's home for several years and then falling derelict. The accompanying [[Castlemilk House#Castlemilk Stables|stables block]] (built 1794, designed by [[David Hamilton (architect)|David Hamilton]] and [[Listed building#Scotland|Category B listed]]) survived and was restored; it now contains the local housing offices, community facilities and a nursery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princes-regeneration.org/sustainableheritage/case-studies/castlemilk-stables-glasgow|title=Case study: Castlemilk Stables, Glasgow|publisher=[[The Prince's Regeneration Trust]]|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026094333/http://www.princes-regeneration.org/sustainableheritage/case-studies/castlemilk-stables-glasgow|archive-date=26 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gbpt.org/events/castlemilk-stables/|title=Castlemilk Stables|publisher=Glasgow Building Preservation Trust|date=10 June 2016|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213200109/https://www.gbpt.org/events/castlemilk-stables/|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The green areas between the clusters of housing, including the old features of the Castlemilk House estate, are managed as a Park and Woodlands, an award-winning project aimed to benefit the community.<ref>[https://www.cassiltoun.org.uk/castlemilk-park/ Castlemilk Park Project], Cassiltoun Housing Association</ref><ref>[https://www.sfha.co.uk/news-article/cassiltoun-housing-association-wins-prize-for-their-work-at-castlemilk-woods Cassiltoun Housing Association wins prize for their work at Castlemilk Woods], Scottish Federation of Housing Associations, 18 August 2016</ref>

Unlike some amenities, schools were in the Castlemilk plans from its conception. Eight primary schools served the area, with some of them closing and merging going into the 21st century – there are now four: Miller, Castleton, St Bartholomew's RC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSA02530&t=2|title=St Batholomew's[sic] Primary School|publisher=The Glasgow Story|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> and John Paul II RC, plus one [[Special education#Special schools|special school]], Kirkriggs.

Glenwood Secondary School was the first of the scheme's three high schools to be constructed in 1958,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12220549.Hamish_Gardner/|title=Hamish Gardner|newspaper=The Herald|date=11 January 2000|access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref> followed by the ([[Religious education in primary and secondary education#Scotland|Catholic]]) [[St Margaret Mary's Secondary School]] in 1962 and Grange Secondary School in 1968. Falling population numbers led to Glenwood closing its doors in 1990 (a business centre now occupies the site) and the pupils transferring to Grange, which was renamed [[Castlemilk High School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castlemilkhigh.glasgow.sch.uk/PlainText/PlainText.aspx?SectionId=f62daeb6-5d6a-47f3-a314-ff4ba38026b7|title=History of the School - Background|publisher=[[Castlemilk High School]]|access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref> In 2001 that school was rebuilt on a smaller scale on the same site, with the playground and buildings swapping places; St Margaret Mary's was reconstructed in 2002 using the same method.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=14930&p=0|title=School Handbook 2014–2015|publisher=[[St Margaret Mary's Secondary School]]|date=1 August 2014|access-date=12 February 2018}}</ref> Some children living in the north-west of Castlemilk attend [[King's Park Secondary School]] in the neighbouring [[Simshill]] district, whilst the village school in [[Carmunnock]] is affiliated to Castlemilk High.

In 2001, the Reverend [[John Miller (minister)|John D. Miller]], minister of Castlemilk East Parish Church (from 1971 until his retirement in 2007), was elected [[Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland]]. Miller Primary School in Castlemilk was named after him and his wife. As part of the regeneration of Castlemilk in 1999, several public artworks were commissioned and placed at prominent entrances into the area; these included works by sculptors [[Kenny Hunter]] and [[Rick Kirby]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glasgowsculpture.com/db_works.php/db_works.php?kwd=Paisley%20Road&str=3&fld=1&di=1&st=1&rfs=|title=Glasgow Sculpture Database|publisher=Glasgow - City of Sculpture |access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref>