Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Catamaran
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
=== Development in Austronesia === {{Main|Outrigger boat}} [[File:Die Sitten der Völker- Liebe, Ehe, Heirat, Geburt, Religion, Aberglaube, Lebensgewohnheiten, Kultureigentümlichkeiten, Tod und Bestattung bei allen Völkern der Erde; (1914) (14591807039).jpg|thumb|A carved and painted voyaging catamaran with [[tanja sail]]s of the [[Micronesians|Micronesian inhabitants]] of [[Hermit Islands]], [[Bismarck Archipelago]] ({{circa|1914}})]] [[File:Tahitian warrior dugouts, Le Costume Ancien et Moderne by Giulio Ferrario, 1827.jpg|thumb|1827 depiction of Tahitian ''[[Pahi (ship)|pahi]]'' war-canoes]]Catamaran-type vessels were an early technology of the [[Austronesian peoples]]. Early researchers like Heine-Geldern (1932) and Hornell (1943) once believed that catamarans evolved from [[outrigger canoe]]s, but modern authors specializing in Austronesian cultures like Doran (1981) and Mahdi (1988) now believe it to be the opposite.<ref name="Mahdi1999" /><ref name="Doran1981" /><ref name="Doran1974" /> [[File:Hokule'a.jpg|thumb|''[[Hōkūleʻa]]'', a modern replica of a [[Polynesian culture|Polynesian]] [[Multihull|twin-hulled]] [[Polynesian navigation|voyaging]] [[Outrigger canoe|canoe]]—an [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] innovation]] Two canoes bound together developed directly from minimal raft technologies of two logs tied together. Over time, the twin-hulled canoe form developed into the asymmetric double canoe, where one hull is smaller than the other. Eventually the smaller hull became the prototype [[outrigger]], giving way to the single outrigger canoe, then to the reversible single outrigger canoe. Finally, the single outrigger types developed into the double outrigger canoe (or [[trimaran]]s).<ref name="Mahdi1999" /><ref name="Doran1981" /><ref name="Doran1974"/> This would also explain why older Austronesian populations in [[Island Southeast Asia]] tend to favor double outrigger canoes, as it keeps the boats stable when [[tacking (sailing)|tacking]]. But they still have small regions where catamarans and single-outrigger canoes are still used. In contrast, more distant outlying descendant populations in [[Oceania]], [[Madagascar]], and the [[Comoros]], retained the twin-hull and the single outrigger canoe types, but the technology for double outriggers never reached them (although it exists in western [[Melanesia]]). To deal with the problem of the instability of the boat when the outrigger faces leeward when tacking, they instead developed the [[shunting (sailing)|shunting]] technique in sailing, in conjunction with reversible single-outriggers.<ref name="Mahdi1999">{{cite book|author=Mahdi, Waruno |editor=Blench, Roger |editor2=Spriggs, Matthew|title =Archaeology and Language III: Artefacts languages, and texts|chapter =The Dispersal of Austronesian boat forms in the Indian Ocean|volume = 34|publisher =Routledge|series =One World Archaeology |year =1999|pages=144–179|isbn =0415100542}}</ref><ref name="Doran1981">{{cite book |last1=Doran |first1=Edwin B. |title=Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins |date=1981 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=9780890961070}}</ref><ref name="Doran1974" /><ref name="Beheim">{{cite journal |last1=Beheim |first1=B. A. |last2=Bell |first2=A. V. |title=Inheritance, ecology and the evolution of the canoes of east Oceania |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=23 February 2011 |volume=278 |issue=1721 |pages=3089–3095 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2011.0060|pmid=21345865 |pmc=3158936 }}</ref><ref name="Hornell1932">{{cite journal |last1=Hornell |first1=James |title=Was the Double-Outrigger Known in Polynesia and Micronesia? A Critical Study |journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society |date=1932 |volume=41 |issue=2 (162) |pages=131–143}}</ref> Despite their being the more "primitive form" of outrigger canoes, they were nonetheless effective, allowing seafaring Polynesians to [[Polynesian navigation|voyage to distant Pacific islands]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kirch|first=Patrick|title=Hawaiki|url=https://archive.org/details/hawaikiancestral00kirc|url-access=limited|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/hawaikiancestral00kirc/page/n99 80]|isbn=978-0-521-78309-5}}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)